Marraakech-马拉喀什-高英大三-课文-ppt

MarrakechGeorgeOrwell•Orwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarianregimes.Generalintroduction•MarrakechisthehistoriccityofMorocco,thecountry'sthirdlargestcity,thepoliticalcenterofthesouthernregion.•Thecityisfamousfor“redcity”,thehistoryofMorocco,oneofthemostimportantancientcapital.•Location:atthecenterofwestMorocco,atthenorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.•----it’stheprincipalcommercialcenterofMorocco.•---ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.•---renownedforleathergoods.•----theoldcityislikealabyrinth(迷宫）fullofcrooked,deadenedstreets.EconomyMarrakechisavitalcomponenttotheeconomyandcultureofMorocco.ImprovementstothehighwaysfromMarrakechtoCasablanca,Agadirandthelocalairporthaveledtoadramaticincreaseintourisminthecity,whichnowattractsovertwomilliontouristsannually•BecauseoftheimportanceoftourismtoMorocco'sweakeconomyasawhole,KingMohammedVIhasvowedtoattract20milliontouristsayeartoMoroccoby2020,doublingthenumberoftouristsfrom2012.•ThecityispopularwiththeFrench,andmanyFrenchcelebritieshaveboughtpropertyinthecity,includingfashionmogulsYvesStLaurentandJean-PaulGaultier.•Inthe1990sveryfewforeignerslivedinthecity,butrealestatedevelopmentshavedramaticallyincreasedinthelast15years;by2005over3,000foreignershadpurchasedpropertiesinthecity,luredbyitscultureandtherelativelycheaphouseprices.•However,despitethetourismboom,themajorityofthecity'sinhabitantsarestillpoor,andasof2010,some20,000householdsstillhavenoaccesstowaterorelectricity.Manyenterprisesinthecityarefacingcolossaldebtproblems.•Despitetheglobaleconomiccrisisthatbeganin2007,investmentsinrealestateprogressedsubstantiallyin2011bothintheareaoftouristaccommodationandsocialhousing.Themaindevelopmentshavebeeninfacilitiesfortouristsincludinghotelsandleisurecentressuchasgolfcoursesandhealthspas,withinvestmentsof10.9billiondirham(US$1.28billion)in2011.•Tradeandcraftsareextremelyimportanttothelocaltourism-fueledeconomy.Thereare18souksinMarrakesh,employingover40,000peopleinpottery,copperware,leatherandothercrafts.ThesoukscontainamassiverangeofitemsfromplasticsandalstoPalestinian-stylescarvesimportedfromIndiaorChina.PoliticsandadministrationMarrakech,theregionalcapital,constitutesaprefecture-leveladministrativeunitofMorocco,dividedintoMarrakesh-Medina,Marrakesh-MenaraandSidiYoussefBenAli,whichformpartoftheregionofMarrakesh-Tensift-ElHaouzalongwithAlHaouzProvince,ChichaouaProvince,ElKelâatEs-SraghnaProvince,andEssaouiraProvince.•MarrakechisamajorcentreforlawandjurisdictioninMoroccoandmostofthemajorcourtsoftheregionarelocatedhere.TheseincludetheregionalCourtofAppeal,theCommercialCourt,theAdministrativeCourt,theCourtofFirstInstance,theCourtofAppealofCommerce,andtheAdministrativeCourtofAppeal.•Numerousorganizationsoftheregionarebasedhere,includingtheregionalgovernmentadministrativeoffices,theRegionalCouncilofTourismoffice,andregionalpublicmaintenanceorganizationssuchastheGovernedAutonomousWaterSupplyandElectricityandMarocTelecom.•TestamenttoMarrakech'sdevelopmentasamoderncity,on12June2009,Fatima-ZahraMansouri,athen33-year-oldlawyeranddaughterofaformerassistanttothelocalauthoritychiefinMarrakesh,waselectedthefirstfemalemayorofthecity,defeatingoutgoingMayorOmarJazouliby54votesto35inamunicipalcouncilvote.•MansouribecamethesecondwomaninthehistoryofMoroccotoobtainamayoralposition,afterAsmaChaabi,mayorofEssaouiraPlacesofinterestThereismuchtoseeanddoinMarrakech.Anentiredaycanbededicatedtowanderingaroundallthedifferentsouks,seekingoutthebestbargains.Thecityalsooffersseveralhistoricalandarchitecturalsitesaswellassomeinterestingmuseums.DjemaaEl-Fna.德吉玛广场•ItisthehighlightofanyMarrakechnight.Musicians,dancers,andstorytellerspackthissquareattheheartofthemedina,fillingitwithacacophonyofdrumbeatsandexcitedshouts.ScoresofstallssellawidearrayofMoroccanfare(seetheEatsection)andyouwillalmostcertainlybeaccostedbywomenwantingtogiveyouahennatattoo.Enjoythevariousshows,butbepreparedtogivesomedirhamstowatch.Bydayitislargelyfilledwithsnakecharmersandpeoplewithmonkeys,aswellassomeofthemorecommonstalls.•每当午后，人们从四面八方汇集到这里，观看广场上的露天表演。马拉喀什的民间文艺活动有着悠久的历史，尤其以来自山区和沙漠地区的小型歌舞队表演的带有乡土气息的阿拉伯民间歌舞最为著名，平常在广场上自由演出，每年5月在这里举行盛况空前的联欢节。广场上，在人群围起的一个个圆圈里，除歌舞表演外，还有惊险绝伦的杂技，扣人心弦的耍蛇，说书人讲的娓娓动听的故事……精彩的表演，博得观众阵阵掌声和喝彩声，热闹非凡。KoutoubiaMosque库图比亚清真寺•Itisnamedafterthebooksellersmarketthatusedtobelocatedhere.ItissaidthattheminaretoftheKoutoubiamosqueistoMarrakechastheEiffelToweristoParis.TheminaretisvisiblefromGuelizwhichisconnectedtotheMedinabyAvenueMohammedV.Atnight,themosqueisbeautifullylit.Non-Muslimsarenotallowedinside.•清真寺建于1195年，是当年建造拉巴特的哈桑塔的建筑师雅库布·曼苏尔主持修造的，以纪念击败西班牙人的胜利。清真寺的宣礼塔高67米，外表富丽堂皇，是北非最优美的建筑之一。同其他清真寺相比较，库图比亚清真寺的独到之处在于，当年修建尖塔时，在粘合石块的泥浆中拌入了近万袋名贵香料，使清真寺散发出浓郁的芳香，迄今依然香味扑鼻，因而又有“香塔”之称。库图比亚清真寺另外与众不同的一点是，当年登上高塔呼唤人们祈祷的宣礼员必须是盲人，其原因是防止有人借机偷窥附近王宫后院里的嫔妃。MajorelleGardensMajorelle花园•Itprovidesanexcellentrespitefromthehustleandbustleofthecitystreets.TheparkwasdesignedbytheartistJacquesMajorelleinthe1920sand1930s.Since1980thegardenhasbeenownedbyYvesSain