sound-quality(声品质)

ObjectiveClassificationofSubjectivePercievedSoundQuality主观音质评价的客观分析方法朗德科技有限公司e-mail:[e-mail]德国夫琅和佛研究所FhGIBP下属建筑物理研究所朗德科技有限公司执行DatakustikGmbH专利声学材料和构件生产厂家中国客户北京公司香港公司THALESHEIMSystemsGmbHNorsonicASHEADacousticGmbHHEADacousticsHEADquarterGermany德国总部founded1986成立于1986年100employees现有雇员100名HEADacousticsInc.HEADacoustics美国有限公司founded1988成立于1988年13employees现有雇员13名HEADconsultHEAD咨询部Foundedin1992成立于1992年3acousticchambersandtestrigs3间声学实验室和3套测试台10experiencedconsultingengineers10名经验丰富的工程师Technicians,mechanic,workshop提供技师,机械师,车间Nationalandinternationalprojects承接国内和国际合作项目Nearly50internationalcustomers约50多个国际客户Severalindustrialbranches若干工业分支机构VehicleTestChamber机动车测试室Absorbentliningofceilingandwalls室内顶层和墙壁都有吸声体覆盖Cut-offfrequencyofapprox.125Hz下限频率约为125赫兹Externalelectricdrive37kW外部电驱动功率37千瓦Eddy-currentbrake200kW涡流制动器功率200千瓦Computercontrol全计算机控制EngineTestRig发动机测试台Externaldrive(37kW)andeddy-currentbrake(200kW)positionedoutsidetestchamber外驱动器（功率37千瓦）和置于测试室外的涡流制动器（功率200千瓦）Speedrangefrom700-7000rpm加速范围从700~7000rpmExternalcooling-system外冷却系统Computercontrol全计算机控制AnechoicChamber全消声室Absorbentliningonfloor,wallsandceiling室内顶层、地面和四面墙壁都有吸声材料Cut-offfrequency180Hz下限频率180赫兹RotarytableforRound-About-Measurements”为“Round-About-测量”所设置的旋转台Introduction导言UseofBinauralTechnologyinAcousticEngineeringis“StateoftheArt”在工程声学领域运用双耳模拟技术是目前最先进的方法SoundQualityrequiresconsiderationofhumanhearing’scharacteristics声质量评估要求考虑人耳的听觉特性WorkofNVHengineersisalwaysorientedtocustomers’needsNVH工程师的工作总是以用户需求为中心NVHtasksofthefuturerequireintegrationofbinauraltechnologyandotherNVHmeasurementtechnologyNVH的未来任务是要把双耳模拟技术和其它NVH测量技术结合在一起使用HowdoesNoisetalktous?我们是如何感知噪声的？Noiseisinformative噪声是一种信息quality,functionality,danger,environment,…质量性,功能性,危险性,环境,…Noiseimpliesacertainimage噪声意味着某种特性luxury,sportive,cheap,…豪华型,运动型,便宜型,…Noisemayidentify噪声是可以被识别的similartoopticalimpression类似于视觉感受corporatesound,productsound总体的声音，个体的声音SameA-level,SameThirdOctaveSpectrum同样的A声级，同样的1/3倍频程频响曲线74,2dB75,1dB74,7dBProblem:objectivedescriptionofsubjectiveevaluation问题：主观评价的客观描述Conventional/Binaural传统手段/双耳模拟Comparison:Conventional-binauralmeasurementtechnique对照：传统测量技术----双耳模拟测量技术Theouterearisadirectionalfilterwhichweightsthesoundpressureinarangeof+15/-30dB,dependingonfrequencyanddirectionofsound外耳是有方向性的滤波器，根据声音频率和方向的不同，其感受声音的声压级大小在+15/-30分贝范围内有一个加权。Humanhearinghastwoinputs:人耳听觉输入包括两个部分：binauralsignalprocessing双耳输入信号处理directionhearing,selectivity,noisesuppression听觉的方向性，信号的选择性，对噪声信号的抑制Psychoacousticofhearingdeterminesthesoundimpression:loudness,sharpness,roughness,tonality人耳听觉对声音的印象取决于心理声学的参数：响度、尖锐度、粗糙度等。Highresolutionofhearingintheamplitude,frequency-andtimedomain:dynamics120dBBxT0.3,analysisbandwidthxanalysisinterval人耳听觉在幅值、频率、时间三维空间里的高分辨率Loudness:响度Considerationofdistributionofcriticalbandsandmaskingpropertiesinthehearing,考虑到特征频带的分布和人耳DIN45631,ISO532B掩蔽效应，符合DIN45631和Sharpness:尖锐度ISO532B的标准Weightedfirstmomentofdistributionofcriticalbandratesofspecificloudness,proportionofhigh-frequencyspectralcomponentstolow-frequencyones反映首次特征频带分布和指定响度级的关系，把高频段成分和低频段成分相比。Roughness/FluctuationStrength:粗糙度/起伏程度Timestructureofthesoundsignal,modulationfactorandleveldifferencedetermineroughnessamplitude-andfrequencymodulation声音信号的时域结构，调制因子，和声压级的不同决定了粗糙度对幅值和频率的调制PsychoacousticalParameter心理声学参数psychoacousticsHumanHearing77dB(A)76.7dB(A)76.6dB(A)36,7sone14.0sone38,8soneLoudnessversusA-weightedSPL响度级:A计权声压级SimultaneousMasking同时掩蔽Sharpness尖锐度Version1:AuresVersion2:vonBismarckComparison,SharpnessvonBismark/AuresweißesRauschenweißesRauschen,8kHzverstärktvonBismarkAuresvonBismarkAuresSinustone1kHzSinustone1kHzand1001HzInterferenzSinustone1kHzand1004HzFluctuationSinustone1kHzand1020HzR-Roughness(Rumbling)Sinustone1kHzand1070HzRoughnessSinustone1kHzand1414HztwotonecomplexTwoTones:DifferentPerceptions两种音调：不同感觉ParametersofRoughness粗糙度的参数ApplicationExample:“Rumbling”Noise应用举例：“隆隆声”噪音specialkindofroughness特殊种类的粗糙度psychoacousticroughnesscalculationfails心理声学粗糙度级的计算不成功psychoacousticfluctuationstrengthanalysisfails心理声学波形起伏程度分析的计算不成功socalled„r“roughness所谓的„r“粗糙度modulationfrequencyrangearound15to30Hz调制频率范围15~30赫兹relevantfrequencyrangefrom150to450Hz相关频率范围150~450赫兹causedbyinteractionofdifferent0.5orders由0.5阶互动分析的差异所引起averageFFTspectrum„rumbling“隆隆声的平均FFT频谱5cylinderengineat2420rpm5缸发动机在2420转时bandpassfilteredtimesignal经过带通滤波器处理的时域信号5thorder4.5thorder5.5thordermodulationspectrumof250Hzoctave250赫兹调制频谱MultidimensionalAspectsofSound声音的多维性designaspect设计方面physicalaspect物理方面psycho-acousticalaspect心理声学方面cognitiveaspect认知度方面ComparisonLoudness/dB(A)比较响度/分贝（A计权）ImportanceoftheA-weightedSoundPressureLevelA计权声压级的重要性85dB(A)LSPL65dB(A)Physicaldamageofhearingpossiblycausedbysound声音可能会导致听力的物理损伤MeasurementbysufficientA-weightedsoundpressurelevel足够满足要求的A计权声压级测量Physiologicalimpairmentcausedbysound由于声音导致的生理损伤A-weightedsoundpressurelevelmeasurementsnecessarybutnotsufficientA计权声压级的测量是必要的，但并不足以满足要求Annoyancebynoisewithvegetativeeffectspossible日常生活中令人烦恼的噪声A-weightedsoundpressurelevelisnotsuitedfordescribingthesoundqualit