非谓语 v-ing form

非谓语动词------动词ing动词-ing形式是三种非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加ing构成，有的动词+ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词作用或副词作用。所以在句中动词ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语，表语，宾语，（介词宾语和动词宾语），定语，状语和宾补。一.动词ing的时态和语态（以do为例）主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneArrivingatthestation,theyfoundthetrainhadalreadygone.(2)如果非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前，就要用完成式Havingrealizedhismistake,hemadeanapology.(1)非谓语的动作现在时刻正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用一般式。动词ing的被动式动词ing的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时动名词要用被动式.eg:Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourschool.Hedidnotmindbeingleftathome。Havingbeensenttothecountryside,hehadtoleavethecity.注意：want，need，require,deserve（应该得到，值得）等动词后的动名词的主动式表示被动式。want/need/requiredoing=want/need/requiretobedoneThehouseneedsrepairing。Theyoungtreesrequirewatering。二动词ing的语法功能1．动词ing作主语Layingeggsisherfulltimejob.用it代替动名词作形式主语，如：Itwasnousesendinghimtoahospital.It’sawasteoftimearguingwithhimaboutit.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…It’suselessdoing…It’spleasantdoing…而在It’simportant…It’snecessary…It’sadvisable（明智的，可取的）…It’sessential(必要的，重要的)…It’sfitting…这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.注意不定式和动词ing结构作主语的区别不定式和动词ing结构都能作主语，但从语义上看，用动词ing结构作主语泛指意义较强，而不定式作主语表示具体的、个别的或将来的动作。Compare:eg.Readingnovelsisanenjoyment.eg.ToreadthisnovelismyhomeworkTocompletetheworkswilltakeustwoyears.2.做表语Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofpeople.Myjobisteaching.动词ing作表语和不定式作表语用法比较一般可互换,习惯上主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式。主语是动词ing时表语也用动词ing。Toseeistobelieve.Studyingisworking.3．动词ing作宾语(1)做动词或动词短语的宾语只接动词ing，不接不定式做宾语的动词有：complete,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,resist(抵制、抵抗),risk(冒险),suggest,advise,understand,excuse/forgive(原谅，谅解),mention,delay(耽搁),imagine,fancy(想像),miss,prevent,consider(考虑),avoid(避免),keep,dislike,escape,admit(承认),appreciate(感激),include,allow,permit,forbid(禁止)接动词ing作宾语的短语putoff,insiston,keepon,giveup,feellike,dependon,succeedin,beworth,befondof,begoodat,whatabout/howabout….bebusy(in)doingspend/waste……(in)doinghavesome/nodifficulty/trouble(in)doing（2）用作介词的宾语be(get)usedto习惯于;cometo谈到addto加上;lookforwardto期待devote…..to献身于;stickto坚持leadto导致;payattentiontogetdownto开始;contribute…toowingto;thanksto;duetoobjectto反对;applyoneselfto致力于以上短语中，to是介词后接动词ing4.动词-ing做定语动词-ing做定语时，表示所修饰词的用途areadingroom;awalkingstick还含有进行和主动的意思e.gIknowtheyoungmansleepingonthebench.=Iknowtheyoungmanwhoissleepingonthebench.5.v-ing作宾语补足语v-ing经常用在动词feel,hear,listento,lookat,find,see,watch,notice,observe,leave,keep,get,set,have,catch,send等作宾补，其中宾语和宾语补足语存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。Theboywascaughtstealingapples.Thesoundofthegunssentthebirdsflyingaway.6v-ing做状语Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.（时间状语）Beingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.（原因状语）Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.（方式或伴随状语）Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.（结果状语）三．动词ing在使用时应注意的几个问题1.Thereisnousepoint（意义）(in)doingsense（道理）Thereisnoneedtodosth.若要人不知，除非己莫为。Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．这种事开不得玩笑。Hereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.2.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：Wedon'tallowsmokinghere．Wedon'tallowanybodytosmokehere．3.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。在begin,start后用不定式的时候(1)begin,start本身是进行式(2)后接see,think,feel,understand,realize,know,consider,wonder.等心理活动的动词时(3)当主语是非生物名词或it时.Iwasbeginningtogetangry.Shebegantounderstandwhathereallywanted.Thesnowbegantomeltwhenthesuncameout.4.动词forget,regret(惋惜后悔),remember,goon,mean,stop,try,beusedto,can'thelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做另一件事meandoing意味着要做某事meantodo想要做某事stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来（别的事）开始做某事trydoing试着做某事trytodo努力做某事beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事can'thelptodo不能帮助做某事怎么判断是动名词还是现在分词呢？？怎么判断是动名词还是现在分词呢？？Myjobisteaching.Teachingismyjob.Theboyissleeping.Sleepingistheboy.Agirlisdancing.Dancingisthegirl.Thebookisinteresting.Interestingisthebook.找出右边成立的句子。动名词现在分词现在分词现在分词在做表语的时候：作表语（1）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.在做定语的时候：AdrinkingcupAcupfordrinkingThesleepingboyAboyforsleepingAcookingpanApanforcookingAdancinggirlAgirlfordancing找出右边成立的句子。动名词动名词现在分词现在分词现在分词作定语表示动作。动名词作定语表示性质或用途。总结：1.Ittooktheworkeronlytwohourstofinish_______mycar.A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repairedExercise2.Haveyouforgotten___$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember____ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing3.Theclassroomwants_____.A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning4.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind__forus.A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited5.Mybrotherkeeps___mewithmywork.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped6.Weshouldoftenpractice___Englishwitheachother.A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking7.Keepon____andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.tryC.triingD.trying8.Hisparentsinsiston___tocollege.A.heshouldgoB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo•注意：形容词性物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词所有格和名词普通格