【全优课堂】2016届高考英语总复习 语法专项 情态动词课件 新人教版

情态动词一、can和could的用法1．表示能力HermothercanspeakFrench.2．表示客观可能性Anybodycanmakemistakes.3．表示许可(多用于口语)CanIgonow?4．表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)Howcanyoubesocareless!你怎么会那么粗心！5．can的特殊用法canbut只有；can'tbut不得不；can't...too再怎样也不为过，越……越好。Icanbutwait.我只有等待。Ican'tbutwait.我不得不等待。Youcan'tbetoopatienttothecustomers.你对顾客越耐心越好。二、may和might的用法1．表示允许、请求—MayIwatchTVnow?—Yes，youmay.(Yes，please.)—No，youmustn't.(No，you'dbetternot.)2．表示可能性(主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用can代替)Thestorymaynotbetrue.3．表示祝愿(不用might)Mayyousucceed!4．may/mightaswell最好还是……Youmightaswelldoitnow.5．may/mightwell很可能Hemaywellbelateforclass.三、must，haveto和oughtto的用法1．must(1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式，否定式是mustnot(mustn't)。must开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn't或don'thaveto代替。(2)must表示必然的结果。Allmenmustdie.人都会死(是自然规律)。(3)must还可表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。Itcan'thelp；hemustdothat.2．haveto着重客观需要，能用于更多时态(过去时或将来时)。Hewillhavetobetherebeforeten.3．oughtto表示义务和责任，“应该”，比should语气要强。Yououghttotakecareofyourself.四、need和dare的用法1．need表示“需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在肯定句中，常用must和haveto代替。2．dare表示“敢”，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。Dareyougohomealoneatelevenintheevening?3．need和dare的特殊用法(1)need表“需要”时，可用want，require代替。Thedeskneedstoberepaired./Thedeskneedsrepairing.(2)dare作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接to，在疑问句和否定句中to可省去。Hedarestocatchasnake.五、will和would的用法1．will(1)表示请求、建议，常用于第二人称。Willyoupleasegowithme?(2)表示意愿、决定、允许。Iwillneverdothatagain.(3)表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称。Fishwilldieoutofwater.2．would(1)表示请求、建议，比will委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?(2)表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向。WewouldplaybadmintononSundays.六、shall和should的用法1．shall(1)用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求。(2)用于第二、三人称表示命令或威胁。Youshalldoasyourfathersays.2．should(1)表示责任、义务，意为“应该”。(2)表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”。Youshouldwearslippersinclass.(3)用于条件句，表示“假如，万一”，省去if，should可提至句首。Shouldyoubelate，apologizetotheteacher.七、“情态动词＋havedone”的用法1．musthavedonesth.；can(could)havedonesth.(1)musthavedonesth.表示对过去已经发生的事情的有把握的推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswet.(2)can(could)havedonesth.表示对过去发生的动作的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。Hecan'thaveforgottenit.他不可能忘记的。2．needn'thavedonesth.；didn'tneedtodosth.(1)needn'thavedonesth.表示已完成不需要完成的动作。Youneedn'thavewakenmeup.Idon'thavetogotoworktoday.(2)didn'tneedtodosth.表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事。Ididn'tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.3．may/mighthavedonesth.may/mighthavedonesth.表示对过去已发生的动作的推测，意为“也许/或许已经……”。I'mnotsure.Hemighthavesaidsoattheconference.4．shouldhavedonesth.shouldhavedonesth.表示本来应该做某事而实际上未做。Youshouldhavetoldhimaboutit.5．hadbetterhavedonesth.；wouldratherhavedonesth.；wouldlike/lovetohavedonesth.(1)hadbetterhavedonesth.表示事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时做了某事就好了”，其否定形式hadbetternothavedonesth.表达相反的含义。(2)wouldratherhavedonesth.表示“宁愿当时做某事”，其否定形式wouldrathernothavedonesth.表达相反的含义，两者都含有“后悔”之意。Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadvice.(3)wouldlike/lovetohavedonesth.表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight，butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishmyreport.用适当的情态动词填空1．Lookingpeopleintheeye________sometimesmakethemnervousandembarrassed.2．—OhmyGod！You________wearslipperstoattendtheconference.—I'msorry.Iforgotthereisaconference.3．—Hello，Peter.Wouldyoupleasegoshoppingwithmeafterschool?—Sorry.Ourschoolisaboardingschool.Inschooldaysnobody________gooutofschoolwithouttheheadteacher'spermission.4．—HasTimstarted？Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.—He__________________(leave)．Heisamanofhisword.5．—WhycanyourteacherknowsomuchaboutLondon?—He________havebeentherebefore.6．________ithavebeenwrongdirectionsfromthecontrolroomthatcausedtheaircrash?7．You'llhaveplentyoftimetomorrow，soyou________________worktoolatetonight.Butifyou________，Idon'thavemuchtosay.8．—Thetwoastronautshadbeentrainedforalongtimebeforetheyflewtospace.—Oh，they__________________(go)throughquitealotofdifficulties.【答案】1.can2.shouldn't3.shall4.musthaveleft5.must6.Could7.needn't/don'thaveto；must8.musthavegone