大学英语跨文化沟通简答题及答案

三．简答题1.Whatarethecharacteristicsofculture?Learned,adaptive,pervasive,integrated,dynamic.2.Whatisthenatureofculture?1.Cultureislikeaniceberg.2.Cultureisoursoftware.3.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin.4.Cultureisthegrammarofourbehavior.3.Whatarethecharacteristicsofcommunication?Communicationisdynamic,systematic,symbolic,irreversible,transactional,self-reflectiveandcontextual.4.Whatarethecomponentsofcommunication?Message,sender,receiver,channel,noiseandfeedback5.Whatarethebarrierstoeffectiveinterculturalcommunication?(1)Assumptionsofsimilarities(2)Languagedifferences(3)Nonverbalmisinterpretations(4)Preconceptionsandstereotypes(5)Tendencytoevaluate(6)Highanxietyortension6.Whatarethecategoriesofnonverbalcommunication?1.ocuelsics2.olfactics3.haptics4.kinesics5.chromatics6.attire7.Whatarethefourmodesofacculturation?Assimilation:isaprocessinwhichmembersofanethnicgroupareabsorbedintothedominantculture,losingtheircultureintheprocess.Integration:isaprocessofdesiringahighlevelofinteractionwiththehostculturewhilemaintainingidentitywiththeirnativeculture.Separationandsegregation:Separationiswhenindividualspreferlowlevelsofinteractionwiththehostcultureandassociatedmicro-culturalgroupswhiledesiringacloseconnectionwith,andreaffirmationof,theirnativeculture.Ifsuchseparationisinitiatedandenforcedbythedominantsociety,thisiscalledsegregationMarginalization:Marginalizationoccurswhentheindividualchoosesnottoidentifywithhisorhernativecultureorwiththehostculture.8.WhatarethefourstagesoftheU-curvepatterninterculturaladaptation?1.Honeymoon//Crisis//Adjustmen//BiculturalismPeriod9.Howissexdifferentfromgender?Sex:biological,permanent,individualproperty.Gender:sociallyconstructed,variedovertimeandacrosscultures,socialandrelationalqualityThedifferencesbetweensexandgenderaresexreferstobiologicaldifferencesgenderdescribesthecharacteristicsthatasocietyorculturedelineates/describesasmasculineorfeminine10.Howtodistinguishhighcontextculturefromlowcontextculture?(了解)11.Whataretheformsofcultureshock?1.Languageshock2.Roleshock3.Transitionshock4.CulturalFatigue5.EducationShock6.AdjustmentStress7.CultureDistance12.Whatarethecomponentsofculturalpatterns?Beliefs,values,normsandsocialpractices13.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishcompliments?80%ofEnglishcomplimentsareofadjectivestype.16%makeuseofverbs.InChinese,positivewordsexpressingcomplimentsaremainlyadjectives,adverbsandverbs.NativeEnglishspeakerstendtoacceptthecompliments,atleastinform,whereastheChinesetendtoeffacethemselvesinwords,althoughtheydofeelcomfortableaboutthecompliments.14.Whatarethedifferencesbetweendirectandindirectverbalcommunicationstyles?Inthedirectverbalstyle,statementsclearlyrevealthespeaker’sintentions.E.g.U.S.Americanstendtouseastraightforwardformofrequest.Intheindirectverbalstyle,ontheotherhand,verbalstatementstendtohidethespeaker’sactualintentions.E.g.Chinesetendtoaskforafavorinamoreroundaboutandimplicitway.15.WhatdoesthepowerdistancemeasureaccordingtoHofstede?（选择题20）