电动葫芦控制系统的设计

攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）摘要I摘要随着科技进步与经济发展，电能的应用越来越广泛，电气对电能的生产、运输、分配与应用起着控制、调节、检测与保护的作用。而PLC的引入使得电器控制变得简单方便，智能可靠。电动葫芦又叫电动提升机，是一种轻小型起重设备，广泛应用于重物的提升、下降、平移搬运，可以减轻劳动强度，提高生产效率，改善劳动条件的必备机械，如在工厂、矿山、车站、港口、建筑工地、水电站、仓库等生产部门中得到应用。它具有自重轻、构造紧凑、体积小、维修方便、经久耐用等特点。主要结构是减速器、起升电机、运行电机、断火器、电缆滑线、卷筒装置、吊钩装置、联轴器、软缆电流引入器等集动力与制动力于一体。它的执行机构主要由提升机构和水平移动装置组成，机构由锥型电动机、减速器、钢丝卷筒等组成。提升电动机通过减速箱拖动钢丝卷筒，电动机正转或者反转，拖动卷筒，可以使吊在钢丝绳上的吊钩上升或下降，实现提升和下放对象，水平移动装置由电动机，减速箱，导轮，“工”字梁等组成。平移电动葫芦可以在工字梁上来回移动，用机械撞块限制前后两个方向的移动行程。本文主要是关于电动葫芦控制的设计。通过对电动葫芦的控制设计以及PLC控制系统的工作原理的分析、系统设计、编程、及上机调试工作的实践，了解机器控制系统的一般设计思路，熟悉和掌握外围电路系统和软件设计的方法，并掌握利用PC对PLC工作状况进行监控的方法。关键词电动葫芦，提升，下降，平移，PLC攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）ABSTRACTIIABSTRACTAlongwiththescienceandtechnologyprogressandeconomicdevelopment.Electricpowerapplicationismoreandmorewidely.Electricalproduction,transportation,distributionandapplicationofelectricityplaysacontrolrole,adjust,testandprotection.AndtheintroductionofthePLCmakeelectriccontrolbecomeseasyandconvenient,intelligentandreliable.Alsocalledelectrichoist,electrichoistisasmall-sizedliftingequipment,widelyusedinweightlifting,lowering,translationalcarrying,canreducelaborintensity,improveproductionefficiency,improvetheworkingconditionsnecessarymachinery,.Suchasinfactories,mines,railwaystations,ports,construction,hydropowerstation,warehouse,etcappliedintheproductiondepartment.Ithaslightweight,compactstructure,smallvolume,convenientmaintenance,durability,etc.Mainstructureisthereducer,liftingmotor,motoroperationandfirearms,cablewire,rolldevice,hookdevice,couplings,flexiblecablecurrentintroductionofdevice,etc.Integratingforceandbrakingforce.Itsexecutivebodyismainlycomposedofhoistingmechanismandhorizontalmovingdevice,institutionsfromconetypemotor,speedreducer,thewirereel,etc.Hoistmotorthroughagearboxdragthewirereel,motorareturningorreverse,dragthereel,canmakethehangingontheropehookupordown,andrealizetheobjectofraisingandlowering,levelofmobiledeviceconsistsofmotor,reducer,theroller,thewordworkbeam,etc.Translationcanmovebackandforthonthehbeamoftheelectrichoist,withmechanicalcollisionblocklimitsmoveintwodirectionsbeforeandafterthetrip.Thisarticleismainlyaboutthedesignoftheelectrichoistcontrol.ThroughcontroloftheelectrichoistdesignandworkprincipleofPLCcontrolsystemanalysis,systemdesign,programming,anddebuggingworkpractice,Knowmachinecontrolsystem'sgeneraldesignidea,familiarwithandmastertheperipheralcircuitandsoftwaredesignmethod,andmasterthemethodofusingPCtomonitorPLCworkingconditions.KeywordsElectrichoist，Lifting，lowering，translation，PLC攀枝花学院本科毕业设计（论文）目录III目录摘要...............................................................................................................................IABSTRACT....................................................................................................................II1绪论..............................................................................................................................11.1电动葫芦的系统设计研究的意义...........................................................................11.2电动葫芦课题背景................................................................................................11.3电动葫芦发展趋势................................................................................................42电动葫芦的应用..........................................................................................................62.1电动葫芦的工作原理............................................................................................62.2电动葫芦的分类及特点.........................................................................................62.3电动葫芦的运行条件及使用领域...........................................................................82.4电动葫芦的使用维护............................................................................................92.5电动葫芦使用的注意事项.....................................................................................93零件的选取以及控制方案的选择.............................................................................113.1零件的选取.........................................................................................................113.2控制方案的选择..................................................................................................113.2.1继电器-接触器的控制................................................................................113.2.2PLC的控制...............................................................................................113.2.3PLC控制与继电器-接触器控制相结合.......................................................124控制系统设计............................................................................................................144.1设计原则............................................................................................................144.2电气控制设计.....................................................................................................144.2.1升降电机的设计.......................................................................................144.2.2平移电机的设计.......................................................................................164.3PLC的设计...............