初中英语阅读技巧猜测词意

词义猜测词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主要考查根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词语的能力。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一种是选择短文中某个词语的英文含义，一种是选择短文中某个词语的汉语意思。1.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwashorrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoofaint.5.Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.6.It’sourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasrespon-sibilitytoprotecttheEarth.7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharen’tbrokendownquickly.8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.Guessanddiscuss1.Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.日历起解释说明作用Tip1:定义描述法：根据定义或释义猜测词义。Keywords:1)is,mean,thatistosay…2)标点符号:破折号、冒号3)定语从句GuessthemeaningHeisadentist,thatistosay,apersonwhosejobistotakecareofpeople’steeth.牙医起解释说明作用2.Imadesomecoffeebutitwasterrible.Infact,mysistersaiditwasundrinkable.Tip2:构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。Keywords:1)词根2)前缀3)后缀drink喝-able可以的un-不Guessthemeaning不能喝的Canyouguesstherightmeanings?粗心的不可能的误解不同意超市不高兴重建super-超级-lessmis-un-im-re-dis-无误、恶不、非不再、反复不supermarketcarelessmisunderstandunhappyimpossiblerebuilddisagree-able能够suitable合适的Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless.home—家-less否定后缀：没有无家可归的3.Ifyouagree,write“Yes”;ifyoudissent,write“No”.Tip3:同反义词法：根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。disagreeGuessthemeaningMr.Whitelovestotalk,hiswifeisalsoasloquaciousashim.爱说话的，多嘴的同义关系4.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwastoofaint.因果关系darkTip4:因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。keywords:(1)because(2)so(3)as,since,forGuessthemeaningAllhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.useless因果关系5.Heisapunctualboy,buthewaslatethismorning.转折关系守时的Tip5:对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。Keywords:but,however,although,though，while(然而),ratherthan,insteadofGuessthemeaningHehadbeengettingbetter,however,duringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.恶化转折关系6.It’sourdutytoprotectitandeverybodyhasresponsibilitytoprotecttheearth.并列关系责任Tip6:并列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Keywords:and,also,as…as,thesameasGuessthemeaning有害的Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.并列关系7.Landpollutioniscausedbysolidwaste,suchascans,bottlesandsomeplasticthingswhicharen’tbrokendownquickly.举例说明固体Tip7:举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义。Keywords:suchas,like，forexample,forinstanceGuessthemeaningOnthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽举例说明8.Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thentherewillbeadrought.生活常识经验dryTip8:生活常识经验：根据自身的直接或间接的经验，运用自己已有的常识,以及英美国家的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。GuessthemeaningIntheolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesplentyofdowry.嫁妆生活常识经验定义描述构词法上下文同义词反义词因果关系对比转折并列关系Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?举例归纳Competition12341001234123412342003004001.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.不诚实的2.Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowlsC.shoesD.books3.Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool,thenoondaysunwastropical.hot4.YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethantheonespeoplegrewbefore.A.杂交水稻B.玉米C.小米1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A雪山B树枝C冰河D冰举例归纳2.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittoo.A.adishB.directionsforcookingC.amealD.directionstoyourhouse举例归纳3.Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplecareabouttheexploitation(开采)ofthenaturalresources,suchasoil.A.商品B.现象C.资源D.污染举例归纳4.Manyvolunteersvisitedthe“left-behind”childrenwhoseparentsareworkingincitiesbeforeChildren’sDay.A.留守儿童B.孤儿C.残疾儿童left-behind1.Studyingabroadbringsaheavyburdentothefamily.FormostChineseparents,thecostofstudyingabroadisveryhigh.Butisitworthit?A.任务B.负担C.责任D.义务2.Didyoueverhearsomeonespeakofacatnap?Acatnapisashortsleep.Peopletakeitwhenthereisalottodoandthereisn’tenoughtimeforafull-lengthsleep.A.休息B.小睡C.睡觉D.做梦3.Ifyouknowhowmuchthepostageisforyourletter,youcanbuystampsatanywindow.Insomepostoffices,youcanbuystampsfrommachines.Stampsaresoldatmanydifferentprices,fromonecenttomanydollars.A.邮票B.邮戳C.邮筒D.邮资post4.Itisnotonlydriverswhocauseaccidents,however.Peopleonfoot—pedestrians,andbicycleridersoftencauseaccidents,too.Pedestrianssometimeswalkoutintothestreetwithoutlooking.Youshouldalwayslookonbothsidesbeforesteppingintothestreet.Theword“pedestrians”intheparagraphmeans______inChinese.A.行人B.徒步C.徒步竞走D.常散步的人1.MissBakerwasawakedbyagreatnoise.Theirshiphitsomethingandstopped.Somuchwaterfilledtheship’scabinthatallthepeoplewereinafluster…A.慌乱中B.兴奋中C.迷茫中D.从容中2.Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusiness-men.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_______.A.化学家B污染品C药品D.化学制品3.TenwaystocheerupFeelingalittleblue?Herearetenfastandeasywaystosmile.1.PlayoutsideLeaveyourhouseandgooutside,becausesunandfreshairaregoo