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英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+link-V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。SV(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone基本句型二S+link-V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等SLink-V(系动词)P(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfelllooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型三S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。SV(实义动词)O(宾语)1.Who2.She3.He8.He5.They6.Danny7.I4.Heknowslaughatunderstandsmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.English.cakes.someapples.donuts.tohaveacupoftea.Goodmorning.基本句型四S+V+IO+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。SV(及物)o(多指人)O(多指物)1.She2.She3.He8.He5.I6.I7.I4.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.基本句型五S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。SV(及物)O(宾语)C(宾补)1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ikeeppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimmethemclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.(二)1.Theyworkhard.主+谓2.Theflowerisdead.主+系+表3.Plantsneedwater.主+谓+宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主+谓+间宾+直宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主+谓除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词),也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。下面以基本句型五(s+v+o+o.c)为例:Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听一个重要报告。WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师,在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样,因此在学习动词时,应掌握动词的类型。以get为例:He'sgettingangry.(SVP)Hegotthroughthewindow.(SVO)You'llgetasurprise.(SVO)Hegothisshoesandsockswet.(SVOC)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:Ifoundthebookeasily.我很容易地找到了这本书。(SVOM)Ifoundthebookeasy.我觉得这本书很容易。(SVOC)Ihavetodosomething.我得做点事。Ihavesomethingtodo.我有点事做。练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型1.Yoursisterdancesbeautifully.主+谓2.Thisfoodlooksinviting.主+系+表3.Theykepttheirmarriageasecret.主+谓+宾+宾补4.Goodkeepsyouhealthy.主+谓+宾+宾补5.Thepalaceswerelargeandbeautiful.主+系+表6.Horse-riding,hammerthrowandshootingaresomeofthemoreunusualevents.主+系+表8.Iwillpickuprubbishfromtheground.主+谓+宾9.Youcanplantatreeorbuildabirdhouse.主+谓+宾10.Iwilltellmyfriendstoprotecttheenvironment.主+谓+宾+宾补ALebanesewhohadleftthecountryforSyriaduringtheconflictbetweenIsraelandHizbollah,returnswithherfamilyfollowingtheceasefire,attheLebanon-SyriaborderinMagdelAnjarAugust14,2006.S+VA53-pointwinoverSouthKoreawrappedupaperfectAsianexhibitiontourforastar-studdedU.S.teamonitswaytotheworldchampionships.S+V+OAccordingtothecurrentinformationheldbytheChineseauthorities,averdictarrivedatbytheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)andthebirdfluresearchandtestcentreofThailandwasarbitraryandbasedonthefactthatthevirusfoundinThailandandLaoswassimilartorecentfindsinsouthernChina,theministry'sstatementsaid.s+link-v+pFirstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFormatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolabpolytechnique.(NMET2003.C篇)这个定理,先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出,曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难,包括一位法国女科学家,她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展,她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析:夹杂过去分词短语,现在分词短语,动名词及两个定语从句。S+v+o
本文标题:英语五大基本句型
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