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园艺专业英语授课教师:李丹丹Contents•Lesson1EarlyDevelopmentandStatusofPlasticulture•Lesson2GoalsofGreenhouseClimateControlLesson4SoilPropertiesofHorticulturalCropCultivationLesson5SoillessCultivation•Lesson7QualityandHarvestofHorticulturalProducts•Lesson9BiotechnologyandHorticulture•Lesson12GreenhouseTomatoes•Lesson15Low-temperratureeffects•PartBHigh-temperratureeffects•Lesson16PartAIrrigation(1)•PartBIrrigation(2)Lesson1EarlyDevelopmentandStatusofPlasticulture1.greenRevolution【n.】Asignificantincreaseinagricuturalproductivityresultingfromtheintroductionofhigh-yieldvarietiesofgrains,theuseofpesticides,andimprovedmanagementtechniques.绿色革命2.plasticulture塑料栽培【n.】Thepracticeofusingplasticmaterialsinagriculturalapplications.Apolymerizedethyleneresin,usedespeciallyforcontainers,kitchenwareandtubing,orinformoffilmsandsheetsforpackaging.3.polyethylene【n.】[化]聚乙烯polyvinylchloride[化]聚氯乙烯CommonlyabbreviatedPVCgreenhousecover温室覆盖物5.mulch覆盖,覆盖物【n.】4.rowcover小拱棚覆盖plasticlowtunnel6.mulchapplicator覆膜机【n.】an7.ventilation通风,流通空气8.year-round整年的、连年的9.controlledenvironmentagriculture控制环境农业10.carbondioxide【化.】二氧化碳11.Growthchamber生长室12.phytotron人工气候室AstheGreenRevolutionexpandedtheproductionofagronomiccrops,plasticulturehasprovidedyetanotherrevolution.Whilemoresilent,plasticulturehasenabledcountriesthroughouttheworldtogreatlyextendtheirfoodprodictioncapability.Itisonlyinthelastfiftyyearsthatsyntheticmaterialshavealteredthemethodsandbenefitsofmulching.Naturalmulchessuchasleaves,straw,sawdust,peatmossandcomposthavebeenusedforcenturiestocontrolweedsandholdmoistureinthesoil.Moreover,plasticmulchesalsoraisesoiltemperatureandincreasesoilnutrientsupplying.Today,asin1959,Japanusesmostlypolyvinylchloride(PVC)filmforrowcovers.Inothercountries,polyethylenepredominates.Since1960,thegreenhousehasevolvedintomorethanaplantprotector.Itisnowbetterunderstoodasasystemofcontrolledenvironmentagriculture(CEA),withprecisecontroloverairandroottemperature,water,humidity,plantnutrition,carbondioxideandevenlight.从1960年温室已成为植物的保护伞,监控环境农业是对温室气体、根际温度、水分、湿度、植物营养、CO2浓度还有光照的精准控制。几个世纪以来,利用枯枝落叶、稻草、锯末、泥炭以及堆肥等的自然覆盖,主要是控制杂草和保持土壤湿度。塑料地膜覆盖除此作用之外,还能提高土壤温度和增加土壤供肥性。Naturalmulchessuchasleaves,straw,sawdust,peatmossandcomposthavebeenusedforcenturiestocontrolweedsandholdmoistureinthesoil.Moreover,plasticmulchesalsoraisesoiltemperatureandincreasesoilnutrientsupplying.塑料覆盖栽培也被称作第二次绿色革命,因为它已经使世界范围内几乎所有的国家都显著提高了其粮食产量。AstheGreenRevolutionexpandedtheproductionofagronomiccrops,Plasticulturehasprovidedyetanotherrevolution.Whilemoresilent,plasticulturehasenabledcountriesthroughouttheworldtogreatlyextendtheirfoodproductioncapability.塑料不仅可用于温室透明覆盖,也可以取代无土栽培种植床的水泥硬化地面,或做成塑料袋填装无土基质,进行无土栽培生产。Plasticsnotonlycanbeusedasglazingcoverofgreenhouse,canalsoinplaceoftheconcreteinliningthegrowingbeds,orbemadetobeplasticbagforpackinggrowingmediatosoillessculture.Covers日光温室Lesson2GoalsofGreenhouseClimateControlshade遮荫,遮光物supplementary辅助的supplementarylight补光costmanagement成本管理surroundings环境transpiration蒸腾作用cropcondition作物的状况、作物特性indeterminatecrop无限生长型作物cropplanning种植计划susceptibility易感性、感病性diseaseresistance抗病性deformation变形、变态、畸变dehydration脱水deficiencysymptom缺素症DIFtemperature昼夜逆温differentdayandnighttemperatureinternodallength节间长度compactplant紧凑的株型physiological生理病害Theuseofclimatecontrolcaninfluencethemostimportantabove-groundgrowthfactors.Thesefactorsarelight,CO2concentration,temperatureandairhumidity.Asaresultofevaporation,photosynthesisandrespiration,thecropinfluencesthemassbalanceofCO2andwatervaporpressureoftheair,aswellastheenergybalance.Climatecontrolcannotbeseenasseparatefromthecrop,forwhichonetriestocreateoptimalconditions.Cropconditionconcernsacomplexofpropertieswhichdeterminatethecapacityofthecroptodelivergoodproductionoveranextendedperiod.OneexampleofqualityimprovementthroughclimatecontrolistherecentlydevelopedconceptofDIFtemperature.气候控制不能看成是与作物相隔离的,因为温室气候控制就是要试图创造作物理想的生长条件。Climatecontrolcannotbeseenasseparatefromthecrop,forwhichonetriestocreateoptimalconditions.“作物状况”关系在较长一段时期内作物体内物质生产和同化产物运输能力的综合特性。Cropconditionconcernsacomplexofpropertieswhichdeterminatethecapacityofthecroptodelivergoodproductionoveranextendedperiod.通过气候控制提高作物质量的一个例子,就是最近发展起来的昼夜逆温概念。OneexampleofqualityimprovementthroughclimatecontrolistherecentlydevelopedconceptofDIFtemperature.设施园艺作物栽培中,生产者对于环境管理的重点是根据作物的特性和作物对环境的要求,尽可能创造出作物生育所需的最佳综合环境条件。Ingreenhouseculture,thekeyofenvironmentmanagementforproductorsiscreatingtheoptimumcomprehensiveenvironmentbaseoncroppropertiesandenvironmentaldemandsasfaraspossible.人工气候室中科院新建人工气候室运用最先进的技术“制造”阳光、轻风、薄雾,模拟-20℃至38℃间的任一温度。太阳能加热系统通风系统Lesson4SoilPropertiesofHorticulturalCropCultivationGlossaryclayfraction黏粒humus腐殖质cation阳离子cationexchangecapacity阳离子交换能力equilibrium平衡,平静均衡toxicity毒性buffercapacity缓冲能力salinity盐分、盐度osmoticpotential渗透势waterstress水分胁迫texture质地、结构watertable地下水位amendment改善、改正soilamendment土壤改良剂infiltration渗透electricalconductivity电导率density稠密密度bulkdensity容积密度ageing腐熟、熟化soilporosity土壤孔隙度KeySentencesSoilpHisanotherimportantchemicalproperty,determiningtheavailabilityof
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