M7U1Grammar-and-usage

LivingwithtechnologyGrammarandUsageTransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs(及物动词和不及物动词)动词谓语动词非谓语动词tododonedoingSituation1•Iamaboy.•Iwillgraduate.•IcanspeakEnglishwell.•Ilikeplayingfootball系动词助动词情态动词行为动词•Anaccidenthappened.•Somepeopledied.•Hetoldmethenews.•Thenewsmademesurprised.Situation2不及物动词vi.及物动词vt.行为动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成不及物动词与及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。1.“主＋谓＋宾”结构。如：HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.S+V+O:Ihaveadog.Ilikeitverymuch.ThisSundaymorning,Iwanttotakeittothepark.Butmydoglikesrunningeverywhere,andIdon’tknowhowIcancontrolit.n.Pron.infinitiveV-ingObjectclause该句型中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间宾在前,直宾在后。如：TomleftMaryamessage.汤姆给玛丽留下了口信。Thiswillsaveyoumuchtime.这将为您节约大量的时间。有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to,for或of。1.sb+vt+sth+to+sb。如：Heofferedajobtoher.他向她提供了一份工作。Iowemysuccesstoyou.我的成功要归功于您。间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有：give,tell,lend,sell,teach,send,write,show,return,bring,pass,leave,offer,hand等。※归纳:2.sb+vt+sth+for+sb。如：他为他们俩点了一些食物。Heorderedsomefoodforthetwoofthem.妈妈给小女孩做了条美丽的裙子Mothermadeanicedressforthelittlegirl.。间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy，choose,get,make,order,sing,do,play,save等。归纳：3.sb+vt+sb+of+sth。如：他们抢了老人的钱。Theyrobbedtheoldmanofhismoney.他警告我注意危险。He’swarnedmeofthedanger.归纳：直接宾语前加介词of的动词有：cure,convince,inform,rob,rid,warn。即时练习：请用“主+vt+双宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。1.我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。2.太阳给了我们光和热。3.MrSmith教我们数学。4.那个老人给我们指路。(show)5.医生治好了他的病。(cure)6.Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。(convince)即时练习：请用“主+vt+双宾语”的句型翻译下列句子。1.我想为他挑选一份合适的礼物。(choose)1.Iwanttochooseasuitablepresentforhim.2.太阳给了我们光和热。(give)2.Thesungivesuslightandwarmth.3.MrSmith教我们数学。(teach)3.MrSmithteachesusmath.4.那个老人给我们指路。(show)4.Theoldmanshowedustheway.5.医生治好了他的病。(cure)5.Thedoctorhascuredhimofhisdisease.6.Tom使Mary相信了他的诚实。(convince)6.TomconvincedMaryofhishonesty.本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语,才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语在意义有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语与宾语补足语在“意义上”是一种主谓关系。如：3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补常用于此句型的动词有：call,name,make,elect,appoint,think,consider,leave等。1).主语+及物动词+宾语+名词。如：总裁任命约翰为营销部经理PresidentappointedJohnmanagerofMarketing.。2).主语+及物动词+宾语+形容词。如：那消息使我很高兴。Thenewsmademehappy.3).主语+及物动词+宾语+介词短语。如：我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。Ifoundmyselfinthedark.4).主语+及物动词+宾语+不定式。如：他鼓励她努力工作。Heencouragedhertoworkharder.要求用todo作宾补的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,encourage,expect,force,get,invite,order,persuade,request,tell,want,warn,wish等。他总是要别人等他。Healwaysgetsotherstowaitforhim.要求用do(不带to的不定式)作宾补的动词有:使役动词let,make,have等;感官动词observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,see,watch等。即时练习：请用“主+vt+补足语”的句型翻译下列句子。1.我们选李阳做班长。（elect）2.这新闻使我伤心。(make)3.他鼓励他努力工作。(encourage)4.老板叫他加班。（make被动语态)1.我们选李阳做班长。WeelectedLiYangourmonitor.2.这新闻使我伤心。Thenewsmademesad.3.他鼓励他努力工作。Heencouragedhimtoworkharder.4.老板叫他加班。Hewasmadetoworkovertimebyhisboss.不及物动词（intransitiveverbs)不及物动词指本身意义完整后不须跟宾语的实义动词，若要跟宾语，必须在其后添加某个介词然后再跟宾语。（1）主语+谓语（vi）(1)Mywatchstopped.(2)Shespokeatthemeetingyesterday.(3)Morechallengeslieaheadofme.(4)Thewaterrosehigherandhigher,asaresult,morethan1,000peoplehadtoleavetheirhomes.(2)主语+谓语（vi)+介词+宾语Ilistened,butcouldhearnothing.Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.不及物动词没有被动语态Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_____now.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained二、不及物动词表示_________________，主动表被动。sell,wash,write,cut,open,lock,cook,shut,read,clean…1)Theclothwasheswell.2)Thepenwritessmoothly.3)Thedoorlockstightly.常与__________________________等副词连用。主语本身的品质或性能well,badly,easily,smoothly不及物动词（transitiveverbs)及物动词和不及物动词的区别1.及物动词后必须接_________,可以有三种构成形式：(1)____________________(2)_____________________(3)______________________2.不及物动词________宾语，如后接名词或代词必须在不及物动词后接___________.3.大多数及物动词有__________语态，而不及物动词则_____________.4.有些动词既是_______________,又是_______________,需根据具体语境判断.宾语Vt.+O(宾）Vt.+O(间宾）+O(直宾）Vt.+O(宾）+Oc(宾补）不可接介词被动没有被动语态及物动词不及物动词PracticevtorviP9A•Iwillanswertothelettersoon.•IvisitedtoBeijinglastyear.•Somepeopleagreetheidea,butIdon’t.•HelikesreadingbookswhileIenjoylisteningmusic.•WhenIenteredintotheroom,everyonewaslaughingmeloudly.•TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolive.Practice//^with^to/TrueorFalse^at^in•Hejoinedthearmyafterhewasgraduated.•Helaidthatheliedanegg.•Isawsomesmokeraisingfromtheroom.•WhenIreached,hewaswatchingTV.•Myhometownhastakenplacegreatchanges•Yesterdayhappenedanaccident,whichdiedmanypeople.PracticearrivedGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Anaccidenthappenedyesterday,whichkilledmanypeople./liedlaidrising兼作及物动词和不及物动词ShallIbeginatonce?Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.WhendidtheyleaveBeijing?Theyleftlastweek.She’sstudyingmedicine.Shestudieshard.She’stypingaletter.She’styping.Don’tmovemythings.Thetrainismovingnow.意义相同Shecouldn’tstandthecold.Don’tstandintherain.Washyourhandsbeforemeals.Doesthisclothwashwell.意义不同类似的还有：beatvi.跳动vt.敲、打;growvi.生长vt.种植playvi.玩耍vt.打（牌、球）,演奏smellvi.发出（气味）vt.嗅ringvi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speakvi.讲话vt.说（语言）hangvi.悬挂vt.绞死operatevi.动手术vt.操作三、及物不及物均可answer/answerforbenefit/benefitfromadjust/adjusttoattend/attendtocheck/checkinto/checkoutbelieve/believeincall/callonpay/payfor回答；对…负责,保证使…受益;从…获益出席,参加；注意,照料,处理检查，核查；调整/节;适应，习惯登记入住；办理退房、查实