国际交流英语视听说听力原文-电子版B3U7

国际交流英语视听说国际交流英语视听说Unit7TraditionalandModernMedicineBook3Student:Hi,ProfessorSullivan?Professor:Hi,Patrick.Comeonin.Student:Thanks.Iwantedto...totalktoyouaboutthismorning’slecture.Professor:Good.Haveaseat.Whatwouldyouliketoknow?Student:Well,inthelecture,youtalkedaboutsomereallypromisingmedicinalplants,likechicory,and...andsomeothers,Ithink.And,um,...alsoaboutthosetwoanti-cancerdrugsthataremadefromrosyperiwinkle.Professor:Well,actually,they’remadefromasyntheticchemical,...butit’sthesamechemicalthat’sinrosyperiwinkle.TobecontinuedListening1Student:OK,so...basically,whatI’dliketoknowis...whythey’renotstudyinghundredsofplantspecieslookingforthenextgreatmedications.Professor:That’sagoodquestion,andtheanswer’sprettycomplicated.Firstofall,itcostsalotofmoneytodevelopanynewdrug,andthentodoempiricalstudiesonitandgetgovernmentapproval.It’sjustalong,expensiveprocess.Student:Sure,butisn’titworthitifthenewdrugcansavelives?Professor:Yes,butthere’smoretoit...Withtraditionalremedies,therearealotofvariables.Imaginethatadrugcompanylearnsaboutaplantthat’ssupposedtoinhibittheactionofavirus—likethechicoryplant,forexample.TobecontinuedListening1Professor:Theydoexperimentswiththeplant,andnothinghappens.Itturnsout—afterwards—thattheypickedthewrongsub-speciesoftheplant,ortheypickedtheplantatthewrongtimeofday...Really!Theplantchemicalscanactuallybedifferentinthemorningthantheyareatnight...Or,ormaybetheplantswereoldinsteadofyoung,or...someotherplantwasgrowingnearby...Student:Wow...dothosethingsreallymakeadifference?Professor:Theycan.Thecrucialthingtorememberisthatscientistsneedtoknowexactlywhichchemicalfromtheplantisactive,andtheyneedtoputastandardamountofthatchemicalineachtabletorinjection,andtheyneedtomakesureitwon’tkillanybody.TobecontinuedListening1Student:Canmedicinesactuallykillpeople?Professor:It’spossible...That’swhytheyhavestudiestofindoutwhatthemedicineswilldo...Theymightstartwithratsandmice,buteventually,theyneedtodolargeclinicaltrialswithhumanbeings.Student:Thatmakessense.Andarethoseclinicaltrialsexpensive?Professor:Absolutely,andtheytaketime,too.Student:Well,IguessIcanunderstandtheproblem,then.It’sashamethough...withplantspeciesgoingextinctandall,Imean,oneofthoseplantscould...mightbethecureforsomedisease,andwe’llneverknowaboutit.Professor:Youcouldberight.TobecontinuedListening1Student:Well,Ineedtogettothelibrary.Thanksfortakingthetimetotalktome.Professor:Noproblematall...Anytime.Seeyouinclass.Listening1Teresa:DidItellyoumyfatherishavingahipreplacementnextweek?Aiden:No,what’sthematterwithhiship?Teresa:Hehasalotofpaininhiship—fromarthritis.Itmustbehereditarybecauseeveryoneinmyfamilygetsarthritiswhentheygetolder.Aiden:Yeah,it’sverycommon—unfortunately,...butisn’thipreplacementaprettyradicalsurgery?Teresa:No,notreally...Imean,it’smajorsurgery,butit’sfairlysimpleandit’soverinafewhours.Aiden:Isee.Sowhatdoesthesurgeryconsistof?Whatdotheyhavetodo?TobecontinuedListening2Teresa:Well,theyremovepartoftheboneatthetopoftheleg,andtheyputina,adevice—ametaldevice.Ithasaballand...asocket,justlikearealhipjoint.Aiden:Hmm...Andthenhowlongistherecovery?Will,willyourdadbeinalotofpain?Teresa:He’llbeinahospitalforafewdays,andthenheneedsphysicaltherapyforsixweekstomakethelegmusclesstrongagain.Therewillbesomepain,butitshouldn’tbetoosevere.Aiden:That’sgood.Teresa:Definitely,butevenwhensomethingiswrong,mydadtendstopretendthateverythingisfine...Ifheisinpain,I’llneverknowaboutit.TobecontinuedListening2Aiden:Myfatheristhesameway.Teresa:Theextraordinarythingis...afterthesurgeryandtherecovery,thehipwillbeasgoodasnew.He’llneedtobecareful,ofcourse,buthe’llbeabletotakewalks,ortravel,orwhatever.Aiden:That’sgreat.Ihopeitgoeswellforhim.Teresa:Thanks.Listening2Narrator:Havethesniffles?Feelingundertheweather?Haveanacheorapain?Thengenerally,ourfirststopisthedrugstore.Butthisluxuryisonlyallowedtohumans.Itmaynotsurpriseyoutolearnthattherestofthespeciesthatinhabittheplanetcomeupwithsomeveryinterestingwaysofself-medication.DeepintheEnglishcountryside,animalbehavioristCindyEngelstudiesanewformofbiologycalledzoopharmacognosy—oranimalself-medication.Cindy’sdedicatedthelastfewyearsofherlifeintocompilingallofherresearchintoanewbook.TobecontinuedCindyEngel,AnimalBehaviorist:Ioftenhavepeopleaskingmewhetherit’sjustinstinct,and…andtheansweris,is,isno—youknow,Imeanthe,theabilitytoseekoutawellbalanceddietisincrediblycomplicated,andtheyareadjustingitmomenttomoment.Narrator:Engelsuggeststheremaybeexampleswherehumans,havingstudiedanimals’self-medicating,havecomeacrossbenefitsourselvesindrugsorchemicaluses.CindyEngel:Earlymedicinewasbasedonobservingthebehaviorofsickanimals.It’srelativelyrecentlythatwe’vestoppedlooking.Chimpanzeeshavealreadyshownsixorsevennewcompoundspreviouslyunknowntoscience,manyofwhichareincrediblyimportantforhumanmedicine.TobecontinuedNarrator:Engel’sbookhasreceivedenormousinterestinscientificcommunitiesacrossEuropeandNorthAmerica.She’sconcentratedonthreemainareasofanimalself-medication.Firstarecurativemeasures,wherebyanimalshavetheabilityt