英语倒装句

1/2倒装句倒装句定义：·英语的一般语序是主语在前，谓语在后。如果把谓语的全部或者一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为倒装结构。倒装句的实质是一种特殊的强调结构。倒装按照不同情况又可分为“全倒装结构”和“半倒装结构”。I全倒装结构：·基本概念：当表示地点、方位、时间的介词短语、副词或副词短语位于句首时，句子要进行全倒装，此时将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。1.由介词短语构成的地点状语位于句首时。Underthetreelayanoldman.2.由地点、方位副词(out,in,away,down,up,here,there,off等)及表示时间的状(now,then)位于句首时。Outrushedthestudentswhenthebellrang.Therestoodanoldtemple.Nowcomesyourturn.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.3.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语，把作表语的形容词位于句首时。Gonearethedayswhenwewereinnocent.4.若句子的主语是人称代词(I,you,he,she,it,they,we)则不用倒装形式。Thedooropenedandinhecame.5.在完全倒装句中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。(主谓一致)Infrontofthehousestandtwotalltrees.Exercise:将下列句子用全倒装结构改写。(1)Thebuscomeshere.(2)Anancienttowerstandsonthetopofthemountain.(3)Asmallfactoryliessouthoftheriver.(4)Thechairmancamethen.(5)Hewentaway.(6)Thedayswhenwomenwerelookeddownuponaregone.(7)Mr.Greenandmanyotherguestswerepresentattheparty.(8)Whathedoesaresuch.II半倒装结构：·基本概念：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词或be动词置于主语之前。1.含有否定意义的副词，如few,little,never,nor,notuntil,nowhere,hardly,rarely,seldom,etc.及否定意义的介词短语atnotime,bynomeans,innocase,innoway,onnocondition,etc.等放在句首时，使用半倒装结构。（innotime“立刻、马上”除外）Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.·NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Theanimalhardlymakesanymovement.·Hardlydoestheanimalmakeanymovement.2.“only+副词/介词短语/状语从句”置于句首时。YoucanlearnEnglishwellonlyinthisway.·OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.Youcansucceedonlyifyoudothis.·Onlyifyoudothiscanyousucceed.*如果only后面紧跟主语，则主句不倒装。·Onlyheknowsthetruth.3.五个句型(1)nosooner…than…;hardly…when…;scarcely…when…(一…就…)Nosooner,hardly,scarcely所在句子使用过去完成时态(haddone)，其对应的than,when句子使用一般过去时态。Shehadnosoonergoneoutthantheclassbegan.·Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthantheclassbegan.Ihadhardlyenteredhomewhenthebellrang.·HardlyhadIenteredhomewhenthebellrang.(2)用于notuntil…句型中。notuntil...置于句首时,句型中前面的从句不倒装，后面的主句用部分倒装。Allthefishdidn’tdieintheriveruntilthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.·Notuntilthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasdidallthefishdieintheriver.2/2(3)用于so,nor/neither开头的句子,表示重复的内容。·so+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语意为“...也是如此”。·nor/neither+be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语意为“...也不这样”。·在neither...,nor...的句子结构中，neither后与nor后的句子都要倒装。·该结构中谓语应与前句谓语的时态形式一致。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Jackcannotanswerthequestion.Neither/NorcanI.NeitherdoIknowhername,nordoeshe.*注意区分：so+主语+be动词/情态动词/助动词意为“...确实如此”，表示同意前面的说法。Itisnothot.---Soitis.(确实如此)Itisnothottoday.---Soisittomorrow.(明天也是如此)(4)在“so…that”和“such…that”开头的句型中。so...that/such...that意为“如此…以至于”；连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句采用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装。Thelakeissoshallowthatnofishcanliveinit.·Soshallowisthelakethatnofishcanliveinit.EverythinghappenedsoquicklythatIhadnotimetothink.·SoquicklydideverythinghappenthatIhadnotimetothink.(5)用于notonly…but(also)…句型中。·notonly...but(also)...意为“不仅...而且...”;连接两个并列分句时,前一个分句采用部分倒装,后一个分句不倒装。Thenursesnotonlywantapayincrease,buttheywantreducedhoursaswell.·Notonlydothenurseswantapayincrease,buttheywantreducedhoursaswell.*如果置于句首的Notonly...butalso仅连接两个并列主语,不可用倒装结构，谓语动词的单复数为“就近原则”。Notonlyyoubut(also)Iamfondofmusic.4.虚拟语气条件句中,从句谓语有助动词were,had,should时,可将if省略,而把were,had,should移到句首。Ifhehadnotbeenpromoted,hewouldneverhaveremainedwiththecompany.·Hadhenotbeenpromoted,hewouldneverhaveremainedwiththecompany.Ifitweretobenefitmycountry,Iwouldlaydownmylife;Whatthenisrisktome?·WereittobenefitmycountryIwouldlaydownmylife;Whatthenisrisktome?Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.·Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.5.由as或though引导的让步状语从句中。把表语或部分谓语提前时，即用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as(/though)”引导的让步状语从句需用倒装。Althoughheiscrazyaboutonlinegames,hemanagestokeephimselffrombeingaddictedtothem.·Crazyas/thoughheisaboutonlinegames,hemanagestokeephimselffrombeingaddictedtothem.Thoughhisideamightsoundstrange,itwasacceptedbythepeopleatthemeeting.·Strangeas/thoughhisideamightsound,itwasacceptedbythepeopleatthemeeting.*注意:将名词位于句首时，要省略名词前冠词。Althoughhewasachild,hehadagoodcommandofEnglish.·Childas/thoughhewas,hehadagoodcommandofEnglish.Exercise:将下列句子用半倒装结构改写。(1)Iknewlittleshehadasurprisewaitingforme.(2)Irealizedshewasmyrealfriendonlythen.(3)Youwillkeepgoodrelationshipswithothersonlywhenyoucanfindpeaceinyourheart.(4)Themotherhadhardlyopenedthedoor,whenhersonrusheduptoher.(5)Hehadnosoonergothomethanhehadtogoouttoseehissickmother.(6)Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkuntiltheteachercame.(7)Heissuchanoblepersonthatpeopleallrespecthim.(8)Jimmynotonlypassedtheexambutgotgoodmarksforallthecourseshehadtaken.(9)Althoughhewaspatient,hewasunwillingtowaitthreehours.