高考英语单项选择解题技巧指导[课件]

单项填空题高考题型专题复习命题特征命题手段解题技巧命题要点专题练习单项填空的命题特征知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高连词、代词形容词、副词介词搭配惯用短语短语动词情态动词动词语态句子结构动词时态非谓语动词1设置干扰2思维定势3汉英差异4形近义近词5创设语境命题常用手段一.设置干扰命题者有意把句子结构复杂化,题干以倒装句，被动句，疑问句，省略句，或在句中加入插入语、使用强调句、从句、标点符号等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，来增加试题难度。1.Toallofyou_____thehonorforthesuccess．（倒装句）A．belongstoB．belongtoC．belongsD．belong2.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.（被动句）A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learnsCC分析：倒装句，还原后为：Thehonorforthesuccess___allofyou.分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为Weshouldmakegooduseoftime____ourlessonwell.3.——Whatmadehermothersoangry?——____theexam.（省略）A.BecauseshedidnotpassB.HernotpassingC.ShedidnotpassD.BecausehernotpassingB4.Isthismuseum____youvisited?（疑问句）A.thatB.whatC.whichD./B分析；将题干改写为：____theexammadehermothersoangry.分析；将题干改写为：Thismuseumis___youvisited.将不熟悉的省略句、疑问句、倒装句、被动句、等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。解题技巧（一）还原法5.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____，ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.(插入语)A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatB分析：Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,____（ofcourse,）madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what6.Thepersonwespoketo___noansweratfirst.（定从）A.makeB.makingC.makesD.madeD分析：Theperson（wespoketo）_______noansweratfirst.7.Theofficergaveordersthatanyone__agunshouldbereportedtothepolicestation.AsawtakeB.seentakingC.seeingtakeD.seentakenB对于含有插入语或从句的复杂句子，如果不考查此部分，首先应分析语境及句子结构，找出并在省略插入语或去掉与选项不相关从句或短语的情况下，重新分析句子结构，复杂的句子结构就简单了；如果考察此部分，也缩小了语境。解题技巧（二）省略法8.Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground;_____broughtherhearttohermouth.（标点符号）A.thisB.whichC.andthatD.thatD对于复杂长句子，先划分主、从句，理清主句结构，确定试题考察哪部分，特别要注意标点符号的作用。解题技巧（三）结构法二.思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思时就作出了选择，结果当然出错。9.I’msorryIcan’thelp__theflooroftheclassroom.A.sweepingB.sweptC.tosweepD.tosweepingC10.MadameCurie，for_____lifehadoncebeenveryhard，wassuccessfullater．A.whomB.whichC.whoseD.thatA11.Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason____hereferredto？A．thatB．whereC．whyD．whenA正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。解题技巧三.汉英差异英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词，如:takepartinthecelebration,attendameeting,jointhearmy,takeanexam,joininadiscussion例如：12.–It’sgettinglate.I'mafraidImustbegoingnow.-OK.______.（2004全国卷）Ａ．TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.SeeyouDB13.ThepopulationofChinais_____thanthatofRussia.A.muchmoreB.muchlargerC.manymoreD.manylarger14.I’llcometoseeyouif______.A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyouB留心英汉表达差异,平时要多读﹑多比较﹑多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。解题技巧四.形近义近词把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：15.－DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?－Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soI＿＿themtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.wantC16.I’dliketobuyahouse—modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.（2004福建）A．inallB．aboveallC．afterallD．atallB1）明确词意所选答案要符合句子意思；2）归纳比较平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。解题技巧五.创设语境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：17.—Willyoupleaserepeatyouridea?—Certainly.ButIthinkitcertainyou____yourattention.A.don’tpayB.didn’tpayC.weren’tpayingD.aren’tpayingC18.—Whichofthoseelectronicdictionariesdoyoulikemost?—____.Theyarebothexpensiveandoflittleuse.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.AllA1）身临其境，揣摩意图特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣摩命题者的意图2）认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息,把握上下文的时间隐含、语义信息等线索，还要注意文化差异。解题技巧自我检测2.TheletterIhavebeenlookingforwardto______atlast.A.comeBcomingC.hascomeD.cameD3.Remindhim______thewindowwhenheleaves.A.ofclosingB.closingC.tocloseD.closeC1.LittleJimisgoingtospendhisholidayinParis,_____liveshisuncle.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.thatC4.Whomwouldyourather_____withyou,JimorJack?A.havegoB.havetogoC.havegoneD.hastogoA5.Hissisterlefthomein1998,and____since.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardofB6.–Bruce,Ireallyappreciateyourhandwriting.-______.（09福建）A.IpracticeeverydayB.ThankyouverymuchC.No,Idon’tthinksoD.Well,it’snotgoodenoughB7.Ithink____,thoughIcouldbemistaken,helikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whatC9.Itispartly____thesummerdayislongerthateverythinghasalargertimetowarmup.A.forB.thatC.thereasonD.becauseD8.Wekeepintouch_____writingoften.A.withB.ofC.onD.byD11.WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe___up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.（09北京）A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhangC10.Ifanorthernerlivesinsouth,hewillprobablyfeelthat______.A.hedoesn’tagreetotheclimatethere.B.theclimatedoesn’tagreewithhim.C.hecan’tagreewiththeclimatethereD.theclimatedoesn’tagreetohim.B13.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists_____theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.（09江西）A.whatB.whichC.thatD.thoughC12.-Ihopeyouenjoyedthefilmlastnight.-HowonearthdoyouknowIwenttoafilm?I___you.A.won’ttellB.didn’ttellC.haven’ttoldD.hadn’ttoldB14.Itriedphoningheroffice,butIcouldn’t_______.A.getalongB.getonC.gettoD.getthroughD15.-Isthereanypossiblity___youcouldpickmeupattheairport?-Noproblem.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.whatB16.Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain____shewasandwaitformother.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who17.-Mum,isthepairofgloves____mine?-Yes.Youhavetowearanotherpai