实用易懂的非谓语动词讲座

分词作定语、非谓语动词作宾语补足语、宾语、状语英语中每个动词都有谓语动词和非谓语动词之别。所谓非谓语动词即不可以做句子的谓语但可以做句子其他成分（如主语、宾语、状语等等）的动词形式。英语中共有三种非谓语动词：doing，todo，done下面我们将要学习的是这三种非谓语动词在做各种成分时需要注意的一些问题一非谓语动词作状语英语中的状语一般由状语从句（即连词+句子）充当，如：1）whenIgottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.2）WhileIwasplayingfootball,Ihadmyleftleginjured.然而，当主句和从句的主语为同一人或物时，则可以对从句进行省略。主动语态的从句doing被动语态的从句done如：1.WhileIwasplayingfootball,Ihadmyleftleginjured.Whileplayingfootball,Ihadmyleftleginjured.2.Becausehewasinvitedtotheparty,hefeltquitehappy.Becauseinvitedtotheparty,hefeltquitehappy注意：（1）大多数时候前面的连词也可以一并省去。（2）分词可以做各类状语（时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等等），（3）todo只能作目的状语和结果状语(作结果状语时一般只有onlytofind\onlytobetold这两个结构)，如：Hetakesexerciseeverymorningsothathecanloseweight.Hetakesexerciseeverymorningtoloseweight.Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.（4）not要放在非谓语动词之前。Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforadvice.将下列句子中的状语从句改写成非谓语动词作状语的形式：1.Whilehewasworkinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.(While)Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.2.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.3.Heworkeddayandnightsothathecansupporthisfamily.Heworkeddayandnighttosupporthisfamily.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Englishwell,youneedtokeeppractisingspeakingit.(learn)2.Hedroppedtheglass,itintopieces.(break)3.bytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.(praise)4.regularly,theflowerwillsurelysurvive.(water)5.____ontime,thismedicinewillbequiteeffective.(take)6.upinasmallvillage,heisverycuriousabouttheoutsideworld.(grow)7.Ihadtoshoutmyselfheard.(make)8.fromthetopofthehill,thetownisbeautiful.（see）9.Hehurriedhomeonlyhismoneystolen.（find）注意：havingdone为doing的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为主动关系）havingbeendone为done的完成体（两者都和主句的主语为被动关系）只是若分词的动作明显发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用分词的完成体，且一般有for+时间段或since等提示词，如：Havingsufferedheartdiseaseforyears,shediedlastmonth.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,shefinallyunderstoodit.二非谓语动词作主语和宾语（一）关于非谓语动词做主语英语中能做主语非谓语动词只有doing和todo（do和done不能做句子的主语）1.Takeexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.(taketaking)2.LearnEnglishisnoteasy.(learnlearning)（二）关于非谓语动词做宾语下列动词要求用todo作宾语，即构成类似wanttodo的结构：want,wish,hope,expect,ask,pretend,care,decide,happen,long,offer,refuse,fail,plan,prepare,demand,afford,beg,manage,agree,promise下列动词或动词短语要求用doing做宾语，即构成类似enjoydoing的结构:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,appreciate,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can’tstand,can’thelp,admit，consider，risk，practise，forbid，mind,熟记：以下动词既可以+todo也可以+doing，但意义有别：doing（已经发生的动作）forget\remember\regret+todo(将要发生的动作)doing(意味着做某事)doing(尝试做某事)Mean+Try+todo（打算去做某事）todo（努力做某事）Stopdoing（停止正在做的事）stoptodo（停下来去做）注意：doing作主语时往往会在前面加上其逻辑主语：one’s+doingdoing作宾语时往往会在前面加上其逻辑主语：物主代词+doing或one’s+doing如：1.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?Doyoumindme\myopeningthewindow?2.Tom’sattendingmyweddingmademehappy.(Tom’s此处不能换成Tom)用动词的正确形式填空三非谓语动词做宾语补足语（一）以下动词后用todo做宾语补足语，即可以构成tellsbtodo的结构：ask,tell,beg,allow,want,like,hate,force,invite,persuade,advise,order,cause,encourage,waitfor,callon,permit,forbid，wish，expect，wouldlike等。注意：以上动词若用于被动语态则其后必定接todo，即：Sbbeallowed(not)todo(二)感官动词后用分词（doing\done）作宾语补足语。常见的感官动词有：see,watch,notice,hear,feel,smell,find,catch(抓住)下面我们以see为例讲一下感官动词后接宾语补足语的方法。doing（与宾语成主动关系）see+宾语（名词或代词）+done（与宾语成被动关系）如：1.Isawastrangerknockingatyourdoor.2.Isawastrangerbittenbyyourdog.注意：若感官动词用于被动语态则其后的非谓语动词按动词和主语之间的主被动关系,即：theboywasseenplayingnearthelake.theboywasseenknockeddownbyacar.（三）使役动词后往往用分词作宾语补足语，而且各使役动词的用法都有区别，所以大家务必一一记清每个使役动词的用法。adj.adj.A.makesb\sthdo(主动)B.leave\keep+sb\sthdoing(主动)done（被动）done（被动）do(主动)todo(主动)C.havesb\sthD.get\wantsb\sthdone（被动）done(被动)注意：（1）sbbemadetodo(2)sbbeleft\kept+doing\done(此时看其和主语的关系)用动词的正确形式填空