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如何撰写发给非专业人士的律师函(中英文对照)HOWTOWRITELETTERSNON-LAWYERSWILLREAD作者:James.Martin译者:胡清平Note:Thisarticleisforbackgroundpurposesonlyandisnotintendedaslegaladvice.作者注:本文仅供参考,并不旨在提供法律意见译者注:翻译本文并未得到原作者同意,故译文仅供学习和研究使用--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Whydopeoplehatetogetlettersfromlawyers?Theycarrybadnews.Theymeanseriousbusiness.They'rehardtounderstand.Theyusestrangewords.Theycarrytheinherentthreatofsuit.人们为什么讨厌收到律师的来信呢?因为它们不是带来坏消息,就意味着生意上出现了严重的问题。而且,这些信让人理解起来有些难度,因为其中有一些生僻的专业术语,还有,在收到律师的来信之后,往往随之而来的是诉讼的威胁。Whydolawyerssendsuchletters?Theymeanseriousbusiness,andtheyintendtosue.那为什么律师们还要发出这些信件呢?因为交易出现了问题,也因为他们想提起诉讼。Butmusttheyusethoseancient,strangewordsandbesohardtounderstand,orcanlawyersexpressseriousbusinessandimminentsuitusingwordseveryoneknows?是不是在律师函中一定要用一些生僻古怪的术语而让人费解呢?换句话说,律师能不能用大家都熟悉的词语来表述生意上的问题或即将来临的诉讼呢?Whetherwritingademandlettertoacontractbreacher,anadvicelettertoaclient,oracoverlettertoacourtclerk,theletterfailsifthepersonreceivingitcannotunderstandwhatitsays.其实,不管是给违约者的正式请求书、给客户的意见书,还是给法院书记员的说明书,只要收信人不能理解其说了些什么,那这样的律师函是不合格的。Alloftheselettershaveonethingincommon:Theyarenotgreatliterature.Theywillnotbereadinahundredyearsandanalyzedfortheirwit,charmorflowerywords.Withanylucktheywillbereadjustoncebyafewpeople,followedquicklybytheirintendedresult,whetherthatbecompliance,understandingoragreement.所有的律师函都有一个共同的特点:它们不需要有太强的文学色彩,它们在若干年以后也不可能再被阅读,而且人们也不会对它们所包含的智慧、对它们的吸引力、对其中的华丽词语而给予关注。实际上,不论这些律师函上载明的是默许、意向,还是协议,再幸运的话也只会被少数人为了特定的目的而阅读一次。LawyersareLetterFactories律师是信函工厂Lawyerswritemany,manyletters.Anaverageformemightbefivelettersaday.Thisincludesadviceletters,coverletters,demandletters,allsortsofletters.Somedayshavemore,somehaveless,butfiveisafairlyconservativeaverage,Iwouldthink.Fivelettersadayforfivedaysaweekforfiftyweeksayearis1,250lettersayear.Thisismy25thyearinpractice,soitisquiteconceivablethatIhavewritten31,250letterssofar.律师会撰写很多很多的信函。拿我来说,平均每天要写5封信函(包括意见书,说明书,正式请求书以及其他各式各样的信函),有时候一天书写得多些,有时候一天书写得少些,不过,我认为每天5封还是一个保守的数字。每天5封,每周5天,每年50周,累计起来,每年就有1250封,不可想象,在我25年的执业生涯中,我撰写的信函达31250封之多。Whydolawyerswritesomanyletters?Aprimaryreasonlieswithintheethicsofourprofession.FloridaBarRulesofProfessionalConductRule4-1.4says:Alawyershallkeepaclientreasonablyinformedaboutthestatusofamatterandpromptlycomplywithreasonablerequestsforinformation.Alawyershallexplainamattertotheextentreasonablynecessarytopermittheclienttomakeinformeddecisionsregardingtherepresentation.律师们为什么要写这么多的信函呢?答案在我们的职业规范和职业道德中。美国佛罗里达州的律师条例之职业行为规则中第4-1.4款说道:一个律师应向客户报告事件的现状并负有根据客户的合理要求而给予通知的义务。一个律师应在适当的范围之内向客户解释事由,以便客户对代理事项做出决定。Whileclientscanbekeptinformedandgivenexplanationsorally,lawyerscertainlyknowthevalueoftheprintedwordoverthespokenword:itisnotaseasilyforgottenormisunderstood.Lettersalsocreatearecordofadvicegiven,whichisusefultoboththelawyerandtheclient.Thatiswhylettersarethepreferredmethodofkeepingclientsinformedandgivingclientsexplanations.既然客户们都知道要保存那些口头上的报告和解释,那律师们就更明白书面文字比口头话语更可靠:它们不容易被忘记或被误解.信函能够保存法律意见的记录,这对律师和其客户都是有利的。所以,我们说信函是保存对客户的报告和向客户解释事由的最好工具。SomeThingsToDoBeforeWriting撰写信函之前需要做的事情Beforeyoustartwritingtheletteritmakessensetodosomepreliminarybackgroundwork.在动笔起草信函之前要注意做好一些基础性的准备工作。Findaletterform.Findasimilarletteryouhavesentinthepast,orseetheAppendixtothisarticleforsampleengagement,cover,demand,contractnegotiation,contractadvice,andfaxletters.查找信函范本。您可以在以前起草的信函中寻找类似的范本,也可以参考一下此文附录中所列的范本(包括预约书,说明书,正式请求书,合同谈判备忘录,合同意见书及传真函等)。Reviewpriorletterstothisrecipient.Inabusyworld,itiseasytoforget.Reviewpriorletterstoremindyourselfwhereyouareintheworkprocess,whathasalreadybeensaid,andwhatremainstobesaid.Thiswillgiveyourletterdirectionandpurpose.参考一下那些以前发给该收信人的信函。在这个繁忙的世界上,好多事情容易忘记。回顾以前的信函可以提醒您在工作流程中走到了哪一步,写了些什么,还需要说些什么,所以说,这样做可以让您把握信函的方向和要旨。Donotsendalettertoanotherlawyer'sclientwithoutthatlawyer'sconsent.Beforesendingtheletter,findoutifthenonlawyerisrepresentedbysomeoneelse.Startbyaskingyourclient.FloridaBarRulesofProfessionalConductRule4-4.2says:Inrepresentingaclient,alawyershallnotcommunicateaboutthesubjectoftherepresentationwithapersonthelawyerknowstoberepresentedbyanotherlawyerinthematter,unlessthelawyerhastheconsentoftheotherlawyer.未经允许,不要发函给另一个律师的客户。在发送之前,要确认收信人是否已经有代理律师了。所以,在这之前,最好问一问您的客户。佛罗里达州的律师条例之职业行为规则的第4-4.2款有这样的规定:在为客户进行代理活动中,如果一位律师知道当事人已经有另一位律师在为其代理,除非得到该代理律师的同意,他就不得再同该当事人交流有关代理之事项。Outlineyourthoughtsinachecklist.Beforeturningonyourcomputerordictatingmachine,pulloutayellowpadandjotdownthemainpointsforyourletter.Listwhatyouwantthelettertosay.Writethepointsinanyorder;writethemastheycomeintoyourmind.Youcanrearrangethemwhenyouwritetheletter.Rightnowyou'rejustmakingachecklistforwritingtheletter.列出您的构思提纲。在打开电脑或录音机前,拿出一个黄色的小便笺簿略记下信函的大纲并列出您将在信函中要写此什么,记录这些要点时不要考虑什么顺序,想到什么就写什么,因为你可以在真正撰写信函时重新安排顺序,而现在,您要做的仅仅是为信函准备提纲。Keepthelegalpadcloseathand.Whenyourunoutofideasforthechecklist,putthepadatthesideofyourdesk.Newideasalwaysspringforthwhenwriting.Jotthesedownonthepadasyouwritetheletter;theyareeasilyforgotten.随时将上述小便笺簿放在手边。当您不需要所构思提纲清单时,也要将小便笺簿放在桌上。因为在写作过程中随时可能涌现出新思路,要及时记下这些新的思路,稍不注意,它们就会被忘了。SimpleStuffThatWillMak
本文标题:律师函
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