中学英语解题教学定语从句

定语从句概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定于从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。关系代词代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose=ofwhomwhose=ofwhichwho指人：作主语Eg:Iknowtheman_____istalkingwithmymother.Whom指人：作宾语可以省略Eg:Thepeople_____youmetinthecampusyesterdayarefromEngland.which指物：作主语Thebicyclethebrakeof_____wasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired.which指物：作宾语可以省略Thebook______youarereadingiswrittenbyanAmericannovelist.that指人：作主语that指物：作宾语可以省略关系副词：whenwhywhere关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。作状语符合的条件（1）主语＋谓语＋宾语（2）主语＋vi(3)主语＋be＋p.p(被动语态）Eg:HewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Eg:ThiswasthetimewhensheleftforBeijng.Eg:ldon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.Eg:ThebookstorewherehissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.注意：地点名词后当然可以接从句，但其他如case，point，condition，situation等表示“情况，方面”等的名词后也可接where从句。Eg:Therearesomecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Eg:TheyareinadifficultsituationwherealleffortsseemfutileEg:Iwillshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.介词+关系代词结构问题要点如下：1.介词+关系代词结构可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定于从句。2.关系代词只能有两个：whom（指人），which（指物）3.介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,through,with,to,at,against,without,during4.介词的选用或根据上下文表达的意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配，或根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配，有时候，这个介词可能就是做定于从句谓语动词的一个固定介词（如sailfor中的for,choosefrom中from.)eg:Shestoodnearthenorthwindow,fromwhereshecouldseethewholegarden.eg:Theauthorwithwhomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompany.eg:Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.eg:Thereisonlyoneproblemaboutwhichthedisagree.注意：两个词或三个词构成的固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof,等。eg:Thisisthegirlwhomhewilltakecareof只用that的几种情况：1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。Thisisthemostinterestingbookthatlhaveeverread.2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。ThesecondforeigncountrythatlexpecttovisitisGreek.3、先行词是不定代词时，如all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、somethingThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.4.、先行词既有人又有物时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?5、先行词被“only”、“theevery”、“no”、“oneof”等修饰Heistheonlypersonthatlwanttotalkto.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom”引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用thatWhoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?7、先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用“that”“that”在作宾语时可省略eg:ourschoolisnotthelargestplacethatitusedtobe只用which不用that1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。2）非限定性定语从句，用which。as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.典型例题1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.thatB.whichC.asD.it答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。名称意义结构要求功能引导词翻译法限制性定语从句起限定作用，指特定的人或物，不可省略，否则句意不完整紧跟先行词，同先行词不用逗号隔开修饰先行词关系代词，关系副词或that作宾语可以省略定语从句非限制性定语从句仅作补充说明，若省略，句意完整用逗号与主句隔开修饰先行词或整个主句只用关系代词或关系副词，不用that并列分句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差异的比较：1:Idon’tlikepeoplewholosetheirtempereasily.2:Boyswhoattendthisschoolhavetowearuniforms.3:Helentmeathousanddollars,whichwasexactlytheamountIneeded.4:Hehastwosisters,whoareworkinginthecity.5:Harrywasclever,diligentandwillingtohelpothers,forwhichhewasoftenpraisedbytheteachers.用关系代词还是用关系副词：1.弄清楚代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语，宾语，定语，还是状语。2.辨别先行词表示的是人，物，时间，地点，还是原因。3.辨别从句时限制性的还是非限制性的。定语从句练习:1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof__________youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those2.Isthisthefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone3.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone4.Isthisthefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8.Thisisthereason_____heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman____