基于单片机的烟雾报警器的设计与实现

编号南京航空航天大学金城学院毕业设计题目基于单片机的烟雾报警器的设计与实现学生姓名学号系部专业班级指导教师二〇一五年五月南京航空航天大学金城学院本科毕业设计（论文）诚信承诺书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文）（题目：基于单片机的烟雾报警器的设计与实现）是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。尽本人所知，除了毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。作者签名：2015年5月10日（学号）：基于单片机的烟雾报警器的设计与实现摘要人们的生活变得越加智能化，电器使用越加频繁，消防工作就越加重要。为了防止和减少火灾带来的巨大损失，需开发一种结构简单，经济适用的家用烟雾报警器并配合完善的监控报警系统。本报警器由单片机最小系统、温度、烟雾传感器两部分构成，加上其他设备可实现检测环境温度、烟雾等气体浓度并声光报警。本设计中选择STC89C52单片机作为控制元件，由于需要探测范围广、高灵敏度和优秀的稳定性的特点，故选用了MQ-2烟雾传感器。报警器主要由烟雾信号采集，烟雾报警器模拟-数字转换电路，微处理器控制电路，显示电路，声光报警电路和安全电路组成，设计合理，操作简单易懂，性价比高。烟雾报警器能够及时反映周围环境情况，发现温度烟雾异常和实时发出警报，从而降低火灾的危险性和各类损失。关键词：烟雾报警器，单片机，传感器DesignandimplementationofsmokealarmbasedonmicrocontrollerAbstractWiththesocialandeconomicdevelopment,people'slivesbecomeincreasinglyintelligentuseofelectricalapplianceshasbecomeincreasinglyfrequent,sothefireservicehasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Topreventfiresandreducefirecausedcasualtiesandfinanciallosses,soweneedtodevelopameanssimple,affordablehomesmokealarmsandwithasoundalarmandmonitoringsystems,inordertomeetmarketdemand.Smokealarmsforthehome-basedmicrocontrollershouldhavethebasicdesignandfunction,wedesignandexplainasmokealarm.ThealarmsystemismainlycomposedofMCUandtemperature,smokesensorsintwoparts,plusotherequipmenttoachievetheimplementationofthegasconcentrationdetectionambienttemperature,smoke,etc.andonlysoundandlightalarms.ThisdesignchoiceSTC89C52microcontrollerasacontrolelement,theneedforawiderangeofdetectioncharacteristicsofhighsensitivityandexcellentstabilityIchoseMQ-2.Mainlybythesmokealarmsignalacquisitionandpre-amplifier,thesmokealarmanalog-digitalconversioncircuit,microprocessorcontrolcircuit,displaycircuit,soundandlightalarmcircuitandsafetycircuit,reasonabledesign,easytounderstand,inexpensive,itshighcost.Themainpartofthispaperforthealarmfunctionofvariouscomponentsandsystemsforadetaileddescriptionandinterpretationsoftwaredesignandsystemanalysisandinterpretation.Iwisheveryfamilyahomesmokealarmisinstalled,itcanreflecttheenvironmentalconditionsaroundmoresensitivethanthehumansenses.Temperatureanomaliesfoundsmoke,realalertsandphonealarm.Canhelppeopleranoutofthedangerzoneintime,reducetheriskoffireandtypesoflossesKeywords:Thesmokealarm;MCU;sensor目录摘要......................................................................iAbstract.................................................................ii第一章绪论...........................................................-1-1.1设计概述.......................................................-1-1.2烟雾报警器的现状及发展.........................................-1-1.3课题研究的目的和意义...........................................-2-1.4毕业设计基本内容...............................................-2-第二章系统的总体方案设计.............................................-3-2.1系统总体功能介绍...............................................-3-2.2报警系统工作原理...............................................-3-2.3烟雾传感器和单片机的选择.......................................-3-2.3.1烟雾传感器介绍与选择.........................................-3-2.3.2stc89c52单片机简介..........................................-4-2.3.3单片机的引脚功能描述.........................................-5-2.4温度传感器选择.................................................-6-2.5本章小结第三章系统硬件电路...................................................-7-3.1单片机最小系统.................................................-7-3.1.1复位电路.....................................................-7-3.1.2晶振电路.....................................................-8-3.1.3电源选择.....................................................-8-3.2烟雾检测AD采集电路............................................-9-3.4声光报警控制电路设计..........................................-10-3.5按键控制电路..................................................-10-3.6温度传感器（DS18B20）电路.....................................-11-3.6.1DS18B20简单介绍.............................................-11-3.6.2DS18B20的工作原理..........................................-11-3.6.3DS18B20供电方式电路图......................................-12-第四章系统软件的设计................................................-14-4.1系统主程序初始化流程图........................................-14-4.2系统烟雾采集设计及流程图.....................................-14-4.3报警子程序设计及流程图........................................-15-4.4控制按键子程序设计及流程图...................................-16-第五章软硬件调试及结果分析..........................................-18-5.1软硬件调试：..................................................-18-5.2调试中的问题和解决方法：......................................-18-5.3结果分析......................................................-19-5.3.1仿真电路及结果分析......................................-19-5.3.2实物电路及结果分析......................................-19-第六章设计总结及心得体会............................................-23-6.1设计总结......................................................-23-6.2心得体会......................................................-23-致谢.............................................................-24-参考文献.............................................................-25-附件一：总体原理设计图...............................................-26-附件二：程序源代码...................................................-27-附件三：实物图.......................