Book3-unit-5Language-points-in-reading

1.Ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainfromwesttoeastacrossCanada.她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。ratherthan表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。1)连接两个名词或代词e.g.Heisanexplorerratherthanasailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.是你而不是我要去野营。ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。2)连接两个形容词e.g.Thesweatersheboughtwasbeautifulratherthancheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词e.g.Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。Sheenjoyssingingratherthandancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。4)连接两个分句e.g.Weshouldhelphimratherthanheshouldhelpus.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。5)连接两个不定式e.g.Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。注意：ratherthan后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to,如上句。但ratherthan位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。e.g.Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。6)连接两个动词e.g.Heranratherthanwalked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。注意：这里ratherthan后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。2.Goingeastward,youwillpass...-ward(s)加在前置词上，构成副词，表示方向backward(s)向后，upward(s)向上。其他副词后缀:1)-ly:possibly,swiftly,simply2)-ways:always,sideways3)-wise:otherwise,clockwise3.PeoplesayitisCanada’smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthePacificOcean.人们说温哥华是加拿大最美的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。surround作动词，意为“包围；围绕”。e.g.Themountainssurroundthecapitalcityoftheprovinceonallsides.Thefanswaitingatthegateoftheairportsurroundedthesportsstar—YaoMing.【点拨】surround常构成搭配：besurroundedby/with...被……围绕/包围。e.g.Thepopsingerwasimmediatelysurroundedbyacrowdofyoungpeople.Thewholetownissurroundedwithwater,makingitverybeautiful.【联想】surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境【小试】用surround的适当形式填空。1.Thesevencontinents_______________byoceans,makingtheearthlooklikeahugeblueball.2.Thetown’sclearandsweetwatercomesfromthe____________hills.aresurroundedsurrounding6.Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats.那天下午表姐妹上了火车落了座。aboard作副词或介词，意为“在（船、飞机、车等）上，上（船、飞机、车等）”。e.g.Allthepassengersaboardfellintotheriver.Wewerethelasttwotogoaboardtheship.settledown①安稳地坐下来,如：Hesettleddownathisdesktoworkouttheexactfigures.②定居下来,如：ManypeoplesettledowninSanDiegobecauseofthefineweather.③安静下来，（使）平静下来,如：Thechildrensettleddownwhentheirteacherentered.④开始专心于。如：Therewassomuchnoisethatwewereunabletosettledowntostudying.⑤舒服地坐着或躺着。如：Katesettleddowninthebackofthecarandfellasleepquickly.【拓展】含settle的其它常用短语：settlein（使）习惯（新工作、环境等）settleon/upon就……达成协议3.Letus__________________(静下心来写)anarticle.[即学即练]按要求完成下列各题。1.等孩子们安静下来再开始上课吧。settledowntowritePleasewaituntilthechildrensettledownbeforeyoustartyourlesson.2.Ican’tsettledowntomywork.我不能安心工作。WorkbookLanguagepoints1....,confirmingthatfallhadarrivedinCanada.阅读下列句子，注意confirm的意思。1)Haseveryoneconfirmed(that)they’recoming?2)Hiscryconfirmedhisfearofheights.3)Hewasconfirmedascaptainfortherestoftheseason.[自我归纳]confirm意为___________(句1、句2)，后可接that从句；也可意为________________________(句3)。[拓展]confirmationn.证实、确认书、证明书confirmedadj.确定的、已被证实的批准(职位、协议等)、确认证实、确定[即学即练]从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1)—Youlookasifyouareinhighspirits,John.—Youareright.WhatProfessorZhangspokeatthemeeting____mybeliefinmyjob.A.refusedB.mistakenedC.madeD.confirmedD2)Thenewevidencehas______thefirstwitness’sstory.A.changedB.consideredC.confirmedD.informedC2.Inthedistance,theycouldseethemistycloudthatrosefromthegreatNiagaraFalls,whichisonthesouthsideofthelake.[考点]distance距离、远方inthedistance在远方、在远处[考例]ThefacesoffourfamousAmericanpresidentsonMountRushmorecanbeseenfroma_________of60miles.A.lengthB.distanceC.wayD.space[点拨]选B。题意:Rushmore山上四位美国著名总统的头像从相距60英里的地方就能看到。“adistanceof+数字”表示“……的距离”。B3.ThetrainleftlatethatnightandarrivedinMontrealatdawnthenextmorning.at,on,in表示时间的用法区别at表示时间点,常用来表示时刻,如果一段时间按时间点对待也用at。at2:30,atdawn/noon/night/dusk/sunrise/sunset/breakfast/lunchdinner/supper,atthis/thattime,atthebeginningofthiscenturyat也可以表示节假日。例如:atEaster,atChristmas。on表示一天或某一天的一部分。例如:onMonday,onSeptember26,onMondaymorning,onFridayevening如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening,inaweek,inthreedays,inMay,inspring,in2002,inmychildhood注:morning,afternoon,evening,night这些名词如果有一个表示具体某一天的名词作定语时,介词不用in或at,而应该用on。in表示少于一天或多于一天的时间段。如:onThursdayevening,onacoldwintermorning,ontheafternoonofApril8,onthenightofhisreturn4.AstheysatinabuffetrestaurantlookingoverthebroadSt.LawrenceRiver,ayoungmansatdownwiththem.wide和broad都是“广阔”的意思,常可换用,但说wide时,着重于一边到另一边的距离,而说broad时着重于幅面的宽广,可修饰背、肩、胸,心胸等的宽阔,还有“开朗”之意。e.g.Theriveris300feetbroad(wide).这条河有三百多尺宽。Thedooriswideopen.门大开着。Wesawthebroadocean.我们看到了广阔的海洋。Hisback(shoulder,chest)isbroad.他的背部(肩膀、胸部)很宽阔。这两个词的常用搭配如下：wideeyes睁大的眼睛awidemouth一张大嘴thewideworld广阔的世界wideinterests广泛的兴趣thebroadocean无际的海洋broadshoulders宽宽的肩膀thebroadmasses广大群众broadchest(back)宽宽的胸膛(背)broadinsize身材宽大,体积宽大5.ThegirlstoldhimtheywereonatraintripacrossCanadaandthattheyhadonlyonedayinMontreal.[分析]①本句结构是:主语(Thegirls)+谓语(told)+宾语(him)+第一个宾语从句(theywereonatraintripacrossCanada)+第二个宾语从句(theyhadonlyonedayinMontreal)。②如果在一个复合句中有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句,第一个that可以省略,第二个及以后的that不可以省略。I.根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。1.Theredleavesof______(枫树)trees