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41ApologyHelpsItisnevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyouhavejudgedroughly,yousaidunkindthings,andpushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyandtrulythatyouweresosorry.Abitfrightening,isn’tit?Itisfrightening,isn’tit?Itisfrighteningbecausesomedeepwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingisdisturbed;anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedandregretexpressed.Aheartfeltapologycannotonlyhealadamagedrelationshipbutalsomakeitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyou,someoneyouhavewronged,orjudgedtooroughly,orjustneglected,dosomethingaboutitrightnow.UsefulWordsandExpressions:1.pushahead捉紧进行2.attheexpenseof在损害……的情况下3.mysterious神秘的4.moral道德的5.disturbed扰乱的6.stayoutof不参与……，置身于……之外7.heartfelt衷心的，真心真意的8.roughly粗糙地，概略地42SleepWhyisitsodifficulttofallasleepwhenyouareovertired?Thereisnooneanswerthatappliestoeveryindividual.Itispossibletofeel“tired”physicallyandstillbeunabletofallasleep,becausewhileyourbodymaybeexhausted,youdonotfeelsleepy.Itisnotsoeasytosimply“turnoff”.Lackofsleepcomplicatesmattersevenmore.Expertssayadultsneedatleastseventoeighthoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperly.Whenyougetlesssleepthanthatonconsecutivethreenights,youbegintoaccruefour“sleepdebt”.Assleepdebtincreasesyourbodyexperiencesastressresponse.Nowaviciouscyclehasbeencreated:Youexperiencethefeelingofbeingmoreandmoretired,butyourbodyisincreasinglystimulated.“Powersleeping”formorehoursonweekendsisonlyatemporarysolution.Thereisnosubstituteforgettingagoodnight’ssleeponaregularbasis.UsefulWordsandExpressions:1.overtire使过度疲劳2.applyto将……应用于3.consecutive连续的，连贯的4.accrue自然增加，产生5.vicious恶的viciouscycle恶性循环6.stimulate刺激，激励7.substitutefor代替……，替换……43OurConcernThehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalfomp3andthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesofmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.Therapidityofchangefollowsthepaceofmanratherthanthepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman’stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethecreationsofman’sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.Wehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsintothehandsofpersonslargelyignorantoftheirpotentialsforhamp3.Wehavesubjectedenomp3ousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththeseenomp3ousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Wehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffect.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcern.UsefulWordsandExpressions:1.interaction交互作用，交感2.vegetation植被3.mold塑造，浇铸4.species种类5.unnatural不自然的6.temperwith损害，影响7.counterpart配对物8.poisonous有毒的9.potent有力的，有效的10.consent同意，赞成44GardeninginAmericaBelieveornot,43,000,000Americansaregardening.Thatisaboutoneinsix.Gardeners,ofcourse,comeinmanyvarieties.Notsurprisingly,mostofthemarepeoplewholiveinthesuburbs,andenjoyplantingflowers,ormaybeasmallvegetablesgarden.TheaverageageofgardenersinAmericaisabout45yearsold;theyusuallyfallsomewhereinthemiddleclass.Butthefastestgrowinggroupsarecitydwellers.Urbanresidentsarefindingwaysofgardeningevenintheircrowdedareas.Manygotolargepublicgardens,asaplacedesignedbythecityforgarden,andyoucanactuallyranchyourownplot.Stillotherpeopleusetheirbalconiesorrooftops,wherevertheycanfindthespacetoplantsmallpatchesofgreen.UsefulWordsandExpressions:1.suburb郊区2.dweller居民3.ranch经营牧场4.balcony阳台5.patch小块地45TheInfluenceofLifeIntheearlytimeswhenhumanbeingshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsastheotherloweranimalsdid.Whentheylearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfuel,theycutdowntrees.Theyalsoburnedclearingsinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumanbeingsfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofamp3ingandthedomesticationofanimals.Fireprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchassettingupfamilies,fomp3ingsocietiesandfoundingcities.UsefulwordsandExpressions:1.interactwith与……组合2.clearing空旷地3.grazing放牧，牧草4.domestication驯养，驯服5.previously先前，以前6.inedible不能吃的，不适于食用的7.pursuit追击8.setup设立40HowHighCanYouJump?Fleastrainershaveobservedastrangehabitoffleaswhiletrainingthem.Fleasaretrainedbyputtingtheminacardboardboxwithatoponit.Thefleaswilljumpupandhitthetopofthecardboardboxoverandoverandoveragain.Asyouwatchthemjumpandhitthelid,somethingveryinterestingbecomesobvious.Thefleascontinuetojump,buttheyarenolongerjumpinghighenoughtohitthetop.Whenyoutakeoffthelid,thefleascontinuetojump,buttheywillnotjumpoutofthebox.Theywillnotjumpoutbecausetheycannotjumpout.Why?Thereasonissimple.Theyhaveconditionedthemselvestojumpjustsohigh.Once