大学英语写作教程1 第九单元

UnitNineSentencevarietyUnitObjectivesSentencevarietyShortcompositionsSentencevarietyDifferentpartsofasentenceDifferenttypesofsentencesDifferentpartsofasentenceThemeRhemeTombroketheteapot.TheteapotwasbrokenbyTom.LastnightTombroketheteapot.主位述位DifferenttypesofsentencesSimplesentenceCompoundsentenceComplexsentenceSimplesentenceLightsflashed.Doorsbanged.Buzzerssoundedmadly.Peoplerushedpast,eyesstraight.Istoodthere,amazedandfrightened.Thesimplesentenceisusefulinexpressinghaste,excitement,exactnessorsimplicityofidea.CompoundsentenceYouleaveatonce.Ishallcallthepolice.Eitheryouleaveatonce,orIshallcallthepolice.Thiscarisnewer,butthatoneisabetterbuy.Jimisafraidofthisplan;soamI.Suddenlytherewasablindingglare,andIfelltomykneesinterror.Thecompoundsentenceiseffectivelyusedtoindicatecomparisonorcontrast,parallelactionorideas,oraction-resultideas.ComplexsentenceMr.Leeisafamousartist.HelivesinOmaha.Mr.Lee,wholivesinOmaha,isafamousartist.Thebook(thatImean)hasaredcover.Youmayhaveit(afterIhavereadit).Thecomplexsentencetiestogetherrelatedideasofunequalimportance.Thelessimportantideasbelongindependentclause.Usingsubordination,varythestructureandlengthofsentence.Avoidtheexclusiveuseofsimpleandcompoundsentences.Simplesentences:NellieMelbawasborninAustralia.Shestudiessingingonthecontinent.Sheeventuallybecamefamousthereasaconcertandoperaticsinger.Complexsentence:BorninAustralia,NellieMelbastudiessingingonthecontinent,wheresSheeventuallybecamefamousasaconcertandoperaticsinger.SecuringVarietywithintheSentence1.Donotexpresseveryidealikethis:subject,verb,complement.Foremphasisorclarity,shiftasentencepartoutofitsnaturalorder.e.g.Everycupwiththehandlemissing,Ithrewaway.Downthestreetcamethemarchers.objectbeforeverbsubjectafterverb2.Varysentencebeginnings.1)Beginasentencewiththerewhenitseemsnaturaltodoso.e.g.Thereisnothingmoretobesaid.2)Beginwithanadj.outofitsnaturalorderorbeginwithanadverb.e.g.Oldandfeeble,thedogcouldscarcelywalk.HurriedlyJanetstuffedclothesintoasuitcase.3)Beginwithaprepositionalphrase.e.g.InthedistanceIcouldheartherumbleofthunder.4)Beginwithaverbalphrase.e.g.Toemphasizehisremark,hepounderonthedesk.Havingreceivedanunexpectedholiday,weweredelighted.Byleavingnow,weshouldreachtheparkbeforenoon.5)Beginwithadependentclause.e.g.WhatIcouldnotuseIstoredinmylocker.WhileLeestoodamazed,Alfredmarchedoffdownthestreet.FROMPARAGRAPHTOESSAY2THINKITOVERDoyoueverwonder“howtobegin”athemeoressay?Isathemehardertowritethanaparagraph?Actually,athemeisanessay–acompositioninwhichthewriter’sonechiefaimistotellhowhefeelsorthinksaboutacertainsubject.Ashegiveshisimpressions,moods,likes,dislikes,andviewpoints,herevealshimselftothereader.Heisinterestedinprimarilyinexpressinghisopinions.Hisreadersmayormaynotagreewithhim;hedoesnotreallycare,forhisisnot,asarule,tryingtoinfluencethem.Themecancoveranykindofideaandcantakemanyforms.Thesubjectcanbeanything,importantorinsignificant;youmightwriteathemeaboutouterspace–oruponastomach-ache!Athemeisnomoredifficulttowritethanisaparagraph;itissimplylonger.Inatheme,indeed,youhavemoreroomtodevelopatopicthaninaparagraph–more“leeway”toexpressyourself.Nordoesathemerequirespecialguidesbeyondthosethatpertaintoaparagraph.Themostimportantsingleconsiderationinthemewriting,asinparagraphwriting,isunity.Considerathemeasanexpansionofaparagraphthatbeginswithatopicsentenceandendswithaclincher.Paragraphsbearthesamerelationshipinathemethatsentencesdoinaparagraph.Youshouldhavenotroubledevelopingathemeifyourememberthatfact.topicsentence=openingparagraph;relatedsentences=middleparagraph(s);clinchersentence=finalparagraph.ESSAYPARAGRAPH___________._______,__________________.________,___________________.____________.____________________.______________.___,_____________________._____________________.___________________.______________________.____________________,_____________,__________________._________________________________.__________________._________________________________________._______________.________________._________________________,______________.TOPICSENTENCEMIDDLEPARAGRAPHSRELATEDorSUPPORTINGSENTENCESCLINCHERSENTENCEFINALPARAGRAPHOPENINGPARAGRAPHThePositiveMeaningsofLoveWe'dliketosharesomeofthepositivemeaningslovehasforus.LovemeansthatIknowthepersonIlove.LovemeansthatIcareaboutthewelfareofthepersonIlove.LovemeanshavingrespectforthedignityofthepersonIlove.LovemeanshavingaresponsibilitytowardthepersonIlove.LovemeansmakingacommitmenttothepersonIlove.LovemeanstrustingthepersonIlove.Lovecantolerateimperfection.Loveisopen.Loveisselfish.Loveinvolvesseeingthepotentialwithinthepersonwelove.Inshort,matureloveisunionundertheconditionofpreservingone'sindividuality.Inlove,twobeingsbecomeoneandyetremaintwo.ThePositiveMeaningsofLoveWe'dliketosharesomeofthepositivemeaningslovehasforus.LovemeansthatIknowthepersonIlove.I'mawareofthemanysidesoftheotherperson—notjustthebeautifulsidebutalsothelimitations,inconsistenciesandfaults.Ihaveanawarenessoftheother'sfeelingsandthoughts,andIexperiencesomethingofthecoreofthatperson.Icanpenet