大学英语写作教程1 第六单元

UnitSixExpandedSentenceBase(II)UnitObjectives1.participlesandabsolutes2.paragraphs3.précisforlongpassagesPartIWarm-upActivities1)Thefatherthreatenedtothrowtheboyoutoftheroom.2)Youcanusethemethod.3)Tommylefttheoffice.Tommylefttheoffice.4)thegirlisenjoyingoneofthehappiestdaysinherlife.Thegirlisenjoyingoneofthehappiestdaysinherlife.5)Theboywassittingatthedesk,6)theemployeesarehappytotakethedayoff.enragedscreamingAttributesfrequentlyused,filledwithdespair,Smilingthroughthewindow,thefloor.hisfeetgentlytappingThecomputerbyanunknownvirus,damagedFilledwithdespair,,smilingthroughthewindow,SimultaneousactionsAbsoluteconstructionsPartIIparticiplesandabsolutes1.Participles2.Absolutes1.Participles1.–ingparticiplea.activeb.simultaneous2.–edparticiplea.passiveb.anteriorPleasereadthefollowing:CanIHelpYou,Madam?Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowofanexpensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.Afterseekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshedidnotlikeit.Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.1.–ing分词的非谓语特征（1）1.Seeingisbelieving.It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.(usedassubject）2.Hishobbyisdrinkingandsmoking.That’saskingtoomuch.(usedaspredicative）3.Theystoppedtalking.Apersoncertainloseswhenhegivesuptrying.(usedastheobjectoftheverb）4.Idon’tfeellikegoingtoattendingthegrammarlesson.Sheisafraidofgoingoutalone.(usedastheobjectofthepreposition）5.Wecallthisprocessdissolving.Thisprocessiscalleddissolving,（usedastheobjectcomplementorsubjectcomplement）–ing分词的非谓语特征–ing分词的非谓语特征之一是名词特征。即-ing分词或-ing分词短语可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、补足语等。–ing分词的非谓语特征（2）1.Thestoryisveryinteresting.Thenewsisverydiscouraging.（usedaspredicative）2.Sheisacharmingchild.Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.（usedasattribute）NOTE:–ing分词的另一个非谓语特征是形容词特征。即-ing分词可在句中作表语或定语。–ing分词的非谓语特征（3）1.Workingwiththem,hefoundthestudentsdiligent.（adverbialoftime）2.Beingsick,hestayedathome.（adverbialofreason）3.Knowingallthis,hemademepayforthedamage.(adverbialofconcession）4.Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodingthere.（adverbialofresult）5.Hestoodthereleaningagainstthewall.(adverbialofmanner）–ing分词的非谓语特征（3）–ing分词的另一个非谓语特征是副词特征。即-ing分词可在句中作状语。从表意的角度看可来表时间、原因、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。2.–ed分词的非谓语特征1.Ifyougetexhausted,takearest.Gonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliked.（usedaspredicative）2.Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldiers.Theconcertgivenbythesymphonyorchestrawasagreatsuccess.（usedasattribute）3.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.Ishouldlikethismattersettledimmediately.（usedascomplement）NOTE:–ed分词的一个非谓语特征是形容词特征。即-ed分词可在句中作表语或定语。–ed分词的非谓语特征（2）1.Heated,themetalexpands.（expressingtime）2.Bornandbroughtupinthecountry,hewasbewilderedbythebiggestcityinChina.（expressingreason）3.United,westand;divided,wefall.（expressingcondition）4.Mockedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.（expressingconcession）5.Trainsinthatcountryspendtoomuchtimestopped,waitingforothertrains.（expressingmanner）NOTE:–ed分词的另一个非谓语特征是副词特征。即-ed分词可在句中作状语。-ingparticiplesindifferentformsandaspectsAspectsGrammaticalMeaningSimplePerfectPassivePerfectinPassiveFormdoinghavingdone(being)donehavingbeendoneTheactioniscarriedoutbythesubjectandtakesplaceatthesametimeasthepredicate.Theactioniscarriedoutbythesubjectandtakesplacebeforethepredicate.Theactionisreceivedbythesubjectandtakesplaceatthesametimeasthepredicate.Theactionisreceivedoutbythesubjectandtakesplacebeforethepredicate.Referencefortheclassroomactivities(p.79)2.1)Thecomputerboughtlastweekbringshappinesstoeveryoneinmyfamily.2)Beingbackinmyhometown,Ididn’tknowthatmyprofessorhadassignedanother5,000-wordpaper.3)Standinginfrontofthepicturepaintedbyapost-impressionist,manypeoplepretendedthattheycouldunderstandit./Manypeoplestoodinfrontofthepicturepaintedbyapost-impressionist,pretendingthattheycouldunderstandit.4)Lookingoutofthewindowofthetrain,theboywasamusedbythepowerlinesdancingupanddownintheair.Referencefortheclassroomactivities(p.81)1.1)Katefellasleepwhen/whilereadingBob’sletter.2)Shestartedtochatwithherfriendafterfinishingherwork.3)Althoughhavingseenitathousandandonetimes,theoldmanstillwatchesthevideofromtimetotime.4)Althoughcloselywatchedbytheguards,theprisonerplanstoescape.5)Itisbelievedthatifreadmanytimes,anarticlewillnaturallybeunderstood.6)Ifbuyingmore,youcanpayless.Referencefortheclassroomactivities(p.83)1.1)Thinkingaboutherkidathome,Judymadeseveralmistakesinherwork.2)Thecarracedalongthestreet,sendingpassers-bytorunforshelter./Racingalongthestreet,thecarsentpassers-bytorunforshelter.3)BorninGuangzhou