中英诗歌比较与欣赏unit2

ACONTRASTIVESTUDYOFWESTERNANDCHINESEPOETRYUnit2AuditoryEffectBetweenCPandEPObjectives:Aftertheunit,thestudentsaresupposedtobeabletounderstandrhymeandrhythminChinesepoetryunderstandrhymeandrhythminChinesepoetryAcomparisonBetweenofrhymeandrhythmbetweenChinesepoetryandEnglishpoetry123nextbackTheAuditoryEffectsofCPComparisonbetweenthetwoTheAuditoryEffectsofEPAppreciationofanEnglishpoemCatalognextbacknext1.rhyme(rime)韵V.押韵2.rhythm节奏3.alliteration头韵4.onomatopoeia拟声词5.meter（诗的）格律，韵律6.foot音步7.syllable(音节)monosyllabicdisyllabic8.stanza(诗节)9.Chinesecharacter汉字10.tone音调11.rimingcompounds(叠韵)12.reduplication叠词Termsback中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback1.EffectsachievedbymonosyllabicnatureofthecharactersAChinesecharacterisinvariablymonosyllabicInChinesepoetry,thenumberofsyllablesineachlineisidenticalwiththatofcharacters.InaChinesepoem,thenumberofsyllablesineachlinenaturallydecidesitsbasicrhythm中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback2.EffectsachievedbypossessionoffixedtonesofthecharactersEachsyllableinChineseispronouncedinafixedtone.Fourtones:(平，上，去，入)level,rising,fallingandentering.Thosetonesdifferfromeachothernotonlyinpitch,butinlengthandmovement.中英诗歌比较与欣赏:TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback2.EffectsachievedbypossessionoffixedtonesofthecharactersThefirsttoneisrelativelylongandkeepstothesamepitch;theotherthreearerelativelyshort,and,astheirrespectivenamesindicate,moveupwardordownwardinpitch,orstop,andstopsuddenly.Thus,variationintonesinvolvesnotonlymodulationinpitchbutcontrastbetweenlongandshortsyllables.中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback3.Effectsachievedbyotherdevices(rime,alliteration,rimingcompounds,reduplication,onomatopoeia)1)rimeEnd-rimeoccursinallChineseverseExample静女其姝，俟我於城隅。爱而不见，搔首踟蹰。静女其娈，贻我彤管。彤管有炜，说怿女美。自牧归荑，洵美且异。匪女以为美，美人之贻。AnalysisThepoemismainlyinfour-syllabicline,withanoccasionalextrasyllable(instanzaI,line2,andstanzaIII,line3)therimeschemeis:AAOA,BBCC,DDCD中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback3.EffectsachievedbyotherdevicesAlliterationAlliterationinChinesepoetryisusuallyconfinedtotwosyllablesandknownasShuang-sheng('TwinSounds',theword'sounds'herereferringtotheinitialsoundsofthesyllables).Quiteafewdisyllabicwordsandcompoundsarealliterative,thuslendingthemselveseasilytomusicaleffectandfindingfavorwithpoets.Example茌苒星霜换，回还节候催(Alternately,starsandfrostgivewaytoeachother;Roundandround,theseasonshastenoneanotheron.)Obviously,thealliterativecompoundsrenran('alternately')andhuihuan('roundandround')areusedtostressthealternationofnightanddayandtherevolutionoftheseasons.中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback3.EffectsachievedbyotherdevicesrimingcompoundsTheoriginaltermforthisdeviceisdieyun,whichmeansliterally'doublerime'.Itreferstotheuseofcompoundseachconsistingoftwosyllablesthatrimewithoneanother.Examples雾树行相引连山望忽开Themistytreesleadoneonandon;Thechainedmountainssuddenlyopenup.Therimingcompoundswu-shu(‘mistytrees’)andlian-shan(‘connectedmountains’)helptocreateanimpressionofendlessstretchesoftreesandmountains.Anotherexample翡翠鸣衣桁蜻蜓立钓丝Thekingfishercriesontheclothes-horse;Thedragon-flystandsonthefishingline.Rimingcompoundsareusedsimplyfortheirpleasantsounds中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback3.EffectsachievedbyotherdevicesreduplicationInChinese,amonosyllabicwordissometimesreduplicated.Suchwordsarecalleddieci('ReduplicatedWords').TheuseofreduplicatedwordsinpoetryhasaneffectakintothatofrimingcompoundsExample青青河畔草，郁郁园中柳。Green,greengrowsthegrassbytheriver;Thick,thickstandthewillowsinthegarden.夜夜夜半啼Nightafternight,atmidnightitcries庭院深深深几许Deep,deepliesthecourtyard;howdeep,onewonders?AwkwardasthissoundsinEnglish,intheoriginalitisaningeniousanddelightfulverbalplay.中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofCPnextback3.EffectsachievedbyotherdevicesonomatopoeiaThisoccursquitefrequentlyinChinesepoetry,especiallyinearlypoetry.关关雎鸠，在河之洲Guanguan,gotheospreysOntheisletintheriverconclusionOnthewhole,ChineseversehasastrongerbutperhapslesssutlemusicthanEnglishverse,thevariationoftonescreatesasing-songeffectcharacteristicofChinese,andinfactmostChinesereaderschantratherthanmerelyreadversealoud.Atthesametime,therelativepaucityofvowelsinChineseandthelackofmarkedcontrastbetweenstressedandunstressedsyllablesrenderotmoreliabletomonotonythanEnglish.Finally,theclear-cutqualityofthesyllables,theabsenceofelision(元音省略)andliaison(连唱),andthefactthatthereareusuallyfewsyllablesineachline,alltendtoproduceastaccato(断奏,断唱)effect,unlikethemoreflowing,legato(连奏地(的),连唱地(的))rhythmsofEnglishorFrenchverse.中英诗歌比较与欣赏：TheAuditoryEffectsofEPnextback1.Syllable,SyllabificationandStressAsyllableisaphoneticalunitwhichcontainsavowelsoundoraconsonantactingasavowel.Syllablesaremetricalnotesorelementsinverse.Thenumberofsyllablesinalinevarieswiththetonalpatternorthelinestructure,thus,thereisoftenthechoosingandmaking,thelengthening,andtheshorteningofwordsorphrases,inconsiderationofsyllables,hencesyllabification.Inawordofmorethantwosyllables,forceisusuallyputononetomakeitstrongerthantheotherorothers,hence,stress,stressedsyllables(O)andunstressedones(o).Forexample:morning0overbal