我国政府应对国外农产品技术性贸易壁垒的政策研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文我国政府应对国外农产品技术性贸易壁垒的政策研究姓名：张海峰申请学位级别：硕士专业：公共管理指导教师：胡伟20070603ivWTOWTO90%90WTOvviSTUDYONCHINESEGOVERNMENT’SPOLICIESDEALINGWITHFOREIGNTECHNICALBARRIERSTOTRADEOFAGRICULTURALPRODUCTSABSTRACTImpositionofquotasandhightariffshasbecomeantiquatedinworldtradeduetoextensivetradefreedomandglobalization.WTOnationsarenolongerusingquotaandtariffasmeansofprotectionofitsdomesticproducts.Theyarepronetotakeothernon-tariffmethodstoprotectitsnationalindustriesandmerchandise.Technicalbarrierisamajorformwhichhasgainedpopularityamongdevelopedcountries.Basedontheirperfectedqualitycontrolsystemandadvancedtechnologiesthesedevelopedcountriessetuphigherstandardstorestrictimportsformourcountry.Suchtechnicaltradebarrierisoneofthebiggestonesthathamperourexportsespeciallyouragriculturalproducts.Statisticsindicatesthat90%oftheagriculturalexportenterprisesareimpactedandincuranannuallossof9billionUSdollarsbecauseofthebarriers.Theagriculturalgoodsaffectedincludevegetablesfruitsteahoneylivestockproductsandseafood.Suchatrendisstillescalating.Thevarietiesofgoodsandscopesarebroadeningresultingdeeperlossandothernegativeimplications.Itisalmostcertainthatthistrendwillexistforalongtime.Itsscopewillexpandfrommerchandisetradetoserviceandinvestmentsector.Ithasbecomemoreobviousthattechnicalbarrierwillreplacetheroleoftechnicalbarrierstotrade.WehaveencounterednumerouslysuchtechnicalbarrierssincewejoinedtheWTO.Asanoutcomeouragriculturalexporthasbeendecreasingandthecostsareincreasing.Furthermorewehaveexperiencedmoretraderelateddisputeswithothercountries.Wearelosingourcompetitiveedgeinexportingouragriculturalproductswhichadverselyaffectsouragriculturaldevelopment.Therearemultiplereasonsastowhyouragriculturalexporthastoencountersuchtechnicalbarriers.InternallytherehasbeenlackofcoordinationandmanagementqualitycontrolstandardsareoutdatedenvironmentalpollutionissevereInsufficientknowledgeandapplicationofWTOregulations.ExternallythedevelopedcountriesexerciseprotectionismtheinternationalcommunitypaysincreasingattentiontoviienvironmentalprotectionandfoodsafetyMoretradedisputesarise.Thereforehowtoovercomethetechnicalbarrierstotradehasbecomealongtermchallengingtaskforourgovernment.Weneedstrategicallyseethetrendoffutureagriculturaltradethussetaplananddirectionforournationsagriculturaldevelopment.Weneedidentifyandeliminatethoseelementsthatrestrictusfromdevelopingandenhanceourcompetitivenessintheinternationaltradeespeciallyinthemarketofdevelopedcountries.Thegovernmentneedsetuppoliciesinthisareatoencouragedevelopmentinafairhealthyandlastingenvironment.Amechanismneedstobeinplacetocoordinateregulateandstandardizetheagriculturalproducts.Withthehelpofaperfectingqualitycontrolsystemwewillhelpagriculturalexportingenterprisestoenhancetheirtechnicalcapabilityserviceandmanagementandultimatelyovercomethetechnicalbarrierstotrade.KEYWORDStechnicalbarrierstotradeagriculturalproductsexportpoliciesii200763iii2007632007631WTOWTO19801.5%20043.1%()19952004143.6230.960%[1]2005[1][J]2006631-342183.567.5%HACCP4000280021590902006529()3302799547828060000.01ppm0.05ppm[1][1]TBT[J]20041112-194TechnicalBarriersToTrade-TBTWTOTBTTBTTBTTBTTBTSPS[1][2].[1][EB/OL]=2004030114214346282004-3-1[2][M]200520-255[1]123420905[1][M]200531-336WTO1995WTO1995199920041272001256266106[1]WTOTBT[1][J]200348-107SPSTBTSPSSPS[1]SPSWTO[2][1][EB/OL][2][N]2004-08-11782002130100WTO1999WTOISO9000ISOI40009[1]1[1][J]20051179-83102[1]345[1]WTO[M]2004109-112116712[1]WTOWTO[1][J]2004959-611390%9020%80%20012004279514.2160.7233.93-13-120012004%%%200l279.03.5160.72.4118.35.242.42002306.09.7181.512.9124.55.257.02003403.631.9214.318.1189.352.125.02004514.227.4233.99.2280.348.1-46.414199042.2%200147.6%28%42%199050%[1]2002110[1][J]20051179-83152002822105:[1][1][M]200352-581628%200114377210017WTO75%181080100952002200053.1%200152.95%200120.39%16.89%4.7%[1]1TBTSPSWTO[1][J]20068S33-35192[1]3WTO[1]2006R2006202090WTO75%[1][1][J]200348-102122WTOWTO/TBTWTO/SPS23WTOWTOWTO241WTO/TBT23WTOISO9000ISO1400025ISO1400012WTO32627WTOWTOWTO2829[1][J]20068S[2][J]WTO20044[3][J]2000(4)[4][J]20023[5][J]20066[6][J]20049[7][J]200511[8]TBT[J]200411[9][J]20034[10]WTO[J]1999(12)[11][J]20063[12][J]200217[13][J]200210[14][J]28[15]WTO[M]2002[16]WTO[M]2004[17][M]2005[18]WTO[M]200230[19]WTO[M]2001[20]WTO[M]2002[21][M]2005[22]2002[M]2002[23][M]2003[24][M]2003[25][M]2004[26]2006R2006[27][N]2004-08-11[28][N]2003-5-17[29][EB/OL][30][EB/OL][31][EB/OL]=2004030114214346282004-3-1[32][EB/OL][33][EB/OL]=2504&l_class=22005-01-2531MPAMPAOO32[1][J]2007110-112我国政府应对国外农产品技术性贸易壁垒的政策研究作者：张海峰学位授予单位：上海交通大学相似文献(10条)1.期刊论文董银果.徐恩波SPS贸易壁垒的背景与解决思路-技术经济2005,(5)乌拉圭回合后,关税、配额等传