智能型高分子水凝胶的应用研究现状

①房　喻②　胡道道　崔亚丽(陕西师范大学化学系　西安710062)提　要　介绍了智能型高分子和高分子水凝胶在分子器件、调光材料、生物医学等高新技术领域的应用研究现状。0　引言1996,(MIT)ToyoichiTanaka(IntelligentHydrogelsSmartHydrogels)。、。,,、,。,1992GeorgeWMcKinneyTanakaGelSciences,。,McKinneyEyalSRonGelSciencesGelMed,。GelMed,GelSciences/GelMed,。,,。[1-4],。1　化学膜和化学阀,、。,,。。,Ito[5,6](L-),pH,pH。pH,,,pH。(a)(b)1　(a)(b),Yoshida[7],(1(a))(1(b))6∶4,,NaOH。0℃,30℃。Osada[8]。、。。,Osada[9],。,,,,,、—107—　:①②,1956,,;:,;。(:1999-08-27)(29973024),(99H13)。。2　调光材料。,N-(PNIPAM)32℃,,32℃,,,,。PNIPAM(LowerCriticalSolutionTemperature,LCST)(VolumePhaseTransitionTempera-ture)。32℃PNIPAM,,PNIPAM,。PNIPAM。MITSuzukiTanaka[10]PNI-PAM。,,,,,。5μm5ms。,“”,。,NorthTexasHuZhibing[11],PNIPAM。,,,,,,。,。,Weissman[12]。(1)PNIPAM。PNIPAM,、,,PNIPAM,,,。(2),PNI-PAM,(PS),PS,,。,JenekeChen[13]。,PNIPAM,,[14,15]。32℃,,。,,,,,。PNIPAM,PNIPAM,。,Hu[11]。2　2--2-。Salehpoor[16],、2--2-(2)。,,,。。。3　化学机械器件,。Hu[17]。,,,。,(PAM)PNIPAM。,,,PNIPAM,,,,,。,Hu[18]。,CalvertLiu[19]。。,PAM(PAA),,,,1mm,1min,50%,10%。—108—　2001.3,。,Osada[20,21],,。Osada[22],。Mojarrad[23],。,,,,。,。,。4　组织培养,PNIPAM,32℃,PNIPAM,32℃,。,,,,。,PNIPAM,。,Yamada[24]PNIPAM,,,。,30℃,,,,73%,(14%)。Yamada,、,。,Yamazaki[25]PNIPAM。PNIPAM,32℃,32℃,,,。,,。,Yamazaki,,,,。Yamazaki。5　药物控制释放,。:,。PNIPAM,PNIPAM,,,。,,PNIPAM,,。,,,。,,。,BaeKim[26],,,pH,,,,,,,,,,,,,。,“”。,、。,30℃,,,,,,,PNIPAMPAA。,。DukeDavidNeedham[26],,。,,,,,Na+,,—109—　:。,NeedhamKiser。(MAA)5μm,。Kiser,,,,,,,,。,(),。,Kiser100nm,。Tanaka[27],,。,,。,Tanaka,、,NI-PAMAA,37℃,50℃。,(),M2+,,,,,,,,。。。GelSciences/GelMed“SmartHydrogel”。,,。。,。,,,,,,,。。,,、。,Hoffman,[28]。6　结束语PNIPAM,,,。,,。:[1],,.,1994,(2):103[2],.,1996,(1):33[3]HoffmanAS,StaytonPS,ShimobojiT,etal.Macro-mol.Symp.,1997,118:553[4],()..:,1997,174[5]ItoY,OchiaiY,ParkYS,etal.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1997,119:1619[6]ItoY,ParkYS,ImanishiY.J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1997,119:2740[7]YoshidaM,NagaokaN,AsanoM,etal.NuclearInstru-mentandMethodsinPhysicsResearch,SectionB,1997,122(1):39[8]OsadaY,MatsudaA.Nature,1995,376:219[9]OsadaY.AdvancedMaterials,1991,3:107[10]SuzukiA,TanakaT.Nature,1990,346:345[11]HuZB.Polym.GelsNetworks,1995,3:267[12]WeissmanJM,SunkaraHB,TseAS,AsherSA.Sci-ence,1996,274:959[13]JenekheSA,ChenXL.Science,1999,283:372[14]FangY,HuDD.ChineseJ.Polym.Sci.,1999,17(6):1[15]WangMZ,QiangJC,FangY,etal.Polym.Sci.,Polym.Chem.,2000,38:474[16]SalehpoorK,ShahinpoorM,MojarradM.SPIEPro-ceedings,CrowsonAed.,1996,2716:36[17]HuZB,ZhangX,LiY.Science,1995,269:525[18]HuZB,ChenYY,WangCJ,etal.Nature,1998,393:149[19]CalvertP,LiuZ.ActaMaterialia,1998,46:2565[20]OsadaY,OkuzakiH,HorieH.Nature,1992,355:242[21]OsadaY,MurophySR.ScientificAmerican,1993,268:82[22]GongJP,MatsumotoS,UchidaM,etal.J.Phys.Chem.,1996,100:11092[23]MojarradM,ShahinpoorM,SPIEProceedings,CrowsonAed.,1996,2716:183[24]YamadaN.Makromol.Chem.,RapidCommun.,1990,11:571[25]YamazakiM.Biotech.Bioeng.,1994,44:38[26]DaganiR.Chem.Eng.News,1997,75(23):26[27]TanakaT.FaradayDiscuss,1995,101:201[28]HoffmanAS.Macromol.Symp.,1995,98:665—110—　2001.3