有机磷农药在土壤环境中的降解转化

有机磷农药在土壤环境中的降解转化方晓航,仇荣亮(,510275):,,,:;;:X131.3:A:1003-6504(2003)02-0057-03[1],,[2],,,,,1,3d,d-PP5,,150[3],(),,,(),,,,:[4]:,,:(1975-),,,22.1有机磷农药的水解及反应机制,[5],140e200e,25.7%75.5%,0.5h3.0h,36.4%73.1%,989mg/L5530mg/L,25.9%46.9%,pH,23epH4.010.0,50%74d2.2d25epH4.069.0,50%15d0.22h[6],,,,(),OH-H+,OH-,OH-,,H+,,:38epH9.1,50%35h,87%24h[6],,,(O3H2O2),#57#,OH-,,MortlandandRaman[7]Cu2+,,2.2有机磷农药的光降解,,,253.7nm30h,,80h,[3],(TiO2Fe0Fe+2),,,P-OP-S,,P-OP-S,,,J.M.Herrmann[8]1.5@1017p/s98%10min,1.4@1016p/s98%30minTiO2TiO2,[10~13]TiO2TiO2,,O2-,H2O2,H2OOH-#OH,#OHP-OP-S[9]4()(TiO2),20min,100%,40min,100%[10]Ag/ZnORuey-anDoong[11],UV/H2O2UV/Fe2+/H2O22~4,[12]TiO2Fe3+,Fe3+,TiO2-,O2H2O2[13]H2O2#OH2.3有机磷农药的微生物降解2.3.1,,,,,,,,,,,YonezawaY[14],,,;,,;,P-SP-O,()P-N,,,,Mageong[15]P-SAM.Bello-Ramirez[16]P-S[17]P-N,,,,,[18]1~4d,,4d,,[19]7d,,9d,,,#58#26220033,,()(),,,,,,,,,[20]0.2%,0.1%0.5%[21],2.3.2;,,[22][23]1:13,,,,OH-;,,;,,[][1]KlaassenCD.Nonmetallicenvironmentaltoxicants:airpo-llutants,solvents,andpestcides.In:Hardman.J.G.,Lim-bird,L.E.,Molinoff,P.B.,Ruddon,R.W.,Goodman-Gilman,A.(Eds),GoodmanandGilman.s,ThePharma-co-logicaLBasisofTherapeutics,Internationaledu,McGraw-Hill[J].NewYork,1996,1673~1696.[2]LevineR.Recognizedandpossibleeffectsofpesticidesinhu-mans.In:HayesWJ,LawaER,editor.Handbookofpest-icidestoxicology,vol.1.NewYork[M].NY:AcademicPress,1991,275~360.[3].[M].:,1997.[4],,,.[J].,1995,16(3):12~14.[5],,.[J].,1999,19(2):69~74.[6]HH,AN,OA.[M].:,1985.[7]GUENZIWD,PESTICIDESINSOIL&WATER[M].SoilScienceSocietyOfAmerica,Inc.,Publisher.1974.[8]HerrmannJM,GuillardC,ArguelloM,et.al.Photocatalyticdegradationofpesticidepirimiphos-methylDeterminationofthereactionpathwayandidentificationofintermediateprod-uctsbyvariousanalyticalmethods[J].CatalysisToday1999,54:353~367.[9],,,.[J].,1995,16(5)61~63.[10],.Ag/ZnO[J].,1998,20(3):5~8.[11]Ruey-anDoongandWen-hueiChang.PhotoassistedIronCompoundCatalyticDegradationofOrganophosphorousPesticidesWithHydrogenPeroxide[J].Chemosphere,1998,37(13):2563~2572.[12],,.[J].,1999,21(2):17~18.[13],.[J].,1997,36(6):83~86.[14]YonezawaY,UrushigawaY.Chemico-biologicalinterac-tionsinbiologicalpurificationsystem[J].Chemospere,1979(8):139~142.[15]MageongYC,JosephFP.Sererospecificenzymetichydro-lysisofphosphorus-sulfurbondinchiralorganophosphatetriesters[J].Biocrganic&Medchemlett.1994,4(2):1473~1478.(下转第62页)#59#,manceliquidchromatographicseparationofbiologicallyim-portantarsenicspeciesutilizingonlineinductivelycoupledargonplasmaatomicemissionspectrometricdetection[J].Anal.Chem.1988,58(7):1340~1344.[14]MesterZ,WollerA.DeteminationforarsenicspeciationbyHPLC-ultrasonicatomizationAFS[J].Anal.At.Specterm.1995,10(9):609~613.[15]XChrisLe,MingshengMa.Shortcolumorliquidchromato-graphy-chromatographicHG-ICP-AESexaminingarsenicsperation[J]Anal.Chem.1998,70:1926~1933.[16]LeXC,MaM.[J].Anal.Chem.,1996,68(24):4501~4506.[17]MingshengMa,X.ChrisLe,,.[J].,2000,2:55~58.[18]MesterZ,FodorP.Analyticalsystemforarsenobetaineandarsenocholinespeciation[J].J.Anal.At.Spectrom.1997,12(3):363~367.[19]CpxAG,McleodCW,NishikawaM,etal.Rapidonlineseparationanddetn.ofAs(Ó),As(Õ)inwatersbyin-ductivelycoupledplasma-MSSpec[J].Publ.R.Soc.Chem.,1997,2029:145~151.[20]ShumSCK,NeddersenR.Measurementofelementalspeciationbyliquidchromatography-inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometrywiththedirectinjectionnebuliz-er(DIN)[J].Analyst,1992,117(3):577~582.[21]ThomasP,SniateckK.DeterninationoftracearsenicspeciesinnaturewatersbyHPLC-ICP-MS[J].J.Anal.At.Spectrom.,1995,10(9):615~618.[22]AlbertB,DemesmayC.DeterninationofarsenicspeciesbyHPLC-ICP-MS[J].Analusis,1992,20(7):383~390.[23]GuerinT,AstrucA,AstrucM.Chromatographicion-ex-chargesimultaniousseparationofArsenicandseleniumspecieswithICPMSonlinedetection[J].J.Chromatogr.Sci.1997,35(5):213~220.[24]ThomasPP,SniateckiK.InductivelyCoupledPlasmaMassSpectrometry:Applicationtothedeterminationofar-senicspecies[J].Fresenius.JAnal.Chem.,1995,351:410~141.[25]DemesmayC,OlleM.Theapplicationofmicrowavediges-tioninarsenicsperation[J].Fresenius.JAnal.Chem.1997,357(8):1116~1119.[26]SaverwynsSteven,ZhangXinrong.SpeciationofsixarseniccompoundsusingHPLC-ICP-MSwithsampleintroductionbythermospraynebulization.J.Anal.At.Spectrom.1997,12(9):1047~1052.[27]InoueYoshinori,Dateukiko,YoshidaLaoru,etal.specia-tionofarseniccompoundsintheUrineofratsorallyex-posedtodimethylarsinicacidionchromatographywithICP-MS(inductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometryasane-lement-selectivedetector[J].Appl.Organomet.Chem.1996,10(9):707~711.[28]LarsenEH,PritzlG.Eightarsenicspeciesinurinemea-suredbyHPLC-ICP-MS[J].J.Anal.At.Spectrom.1993,8(4):587~563.[29]PergantisSA,WinnikW.Determinationoforganoarseniccompoundsusingmicroborehigh-performanceliquidchro-matographycoupledwithelectrospraymassspectrometry-massspectrometry[J].J.Anal.At.Spectrom.1997,72(5):531~536.[30]DemesmayC,OlleM,HPLC-ICP-MSdistinguishingar-senicspecies[J].FreseniusJAnal.Chem.1994,348(3):205~210.[31]RubioR,PadroA.Determinationoforganic,non-organicarsenicspeciesbyHPLC-HG-ICP[J].Mikrochim.Acta.,1992,109(1/4):39~45.(:2002-04-03)(上接第5