阻燃剂聚磷酸铵合成技术的进展

:2005-06-21:(1936-),,,,,,(,300220):,:;;;(AmmoniumPolyphosphate,APP),,,,,,1986(PBDD)(PBDF),,,19939131kt,199519117kt,119937171kt,199857166kt,615,:Monsantowc()Hoechst()Chisso(),2080,,APP,15kt,100,1000t45,200300t[1,2]1,APP,APP,MonsaantoPhos-ChekP/30:::200,9918%;325,9010%:1179:30%pH(10%):518(25,10min):92%62006320069,1EXOLIT422Hoechst()EXOLIT263Hoechst()PHOSCHEKP/40Monsanto()TERAJUS10Chisso()EXOLITIFR-23Hoechst()AmgardMCAlbrightWilsonExolitAP422Clariant()ExolitAP423Clariant()ExolitAP750Clariant()APP:321%:141%:1%pH(1%):515610(25,10%):150mPas:119g/cm3:700kg/m3:50012:n():(NH4PO3)nAPP,,,,,,,30(n=30),APP,,,(),,APP311-:CO(NH2)2+H2OCO2+2NH3nH3PO4+(n-1)CO(NH2)2(NH4)n+2PnO3n+1+(n-4)NH3+(n-1)CO2,,,,,:,80100,(),250300,,[3],,,30,,[4],,,[5],[6]:220,3h,110Ø118,180720063:,,34170212-,APP:500mL150mL,200,,,015h,,,,,,APP,(118210)Ø1102301h,80%,(100mL5min)016g,30,,,22APP/%()/%/hAPP/%()P2O5P2O5()()NH3APPpH/Pn/(mol/gh)6065015721581218156138440216570501572191012171761101903112801501573191510181361001003135606511073164191813261475602140705110721781817196100270310580151107311131618106130180311560652107210412181261471030211470521072177171911613039621918015210701112151712610029031052,60%65%,,015h,APP440,2165;110h,560,2140;210h,10302114015h210h,4401030,21652114,APP,APP(5%15%)APP,APP213--:(NH4)2HPO4+P2O5+NH33/n(NH4PO4)n2070KnapsakAG,APPAPP,,,,[9],,300,APP2080Hoechst[79],,820063APP,(),,APP,,Hoechst:50150,100200Pa515min,,1060min,100500Pa13h,110%,:25,10%,018g(100g);10%100mPas;30%2550Pas1m3:350kgP2O5(2154kmol)335kg(NH4)2HPO4(2.54mol),100,100200Pa()19m3,,,45min,25m3,2302h,18m3,62m3(0,11013105Pa),8177%,APP33APP/%817733101%pH6115162510%(100g)01521325,10%/mPas371018601030%25/Pas391074103,,8177%()33100%,015371039102131860107410,3710186010(mPas),21311APP2090,,,APPAPP,,,,,,,Hoechst[10],,,,,,(1):540kg500kg30min,140,5h,80m3,,,315h,10%,15,920063:350m3/h,160,APPpH615,013mgKOH/g,413%(25)1APP,,Chisso,,:1320g(10mol)142g,250(011L/min),(014L/min)15min,3002640g(20mol),011L/min10min,3600g(60mol)30min,280,(014L/min)120min,APP214-,APP6(APPAPP),2070,APP,APP,APP,Chisso[11,12]APP,APPAPP,,,,APPAPP,APPAPP,,APP:616g(0105mol)910g(0115mol)1.56gAPP(TERRAJUS10),,229,40L/min315%1015%,1h,150,015h,XAPP,800t/aAPP,[13],APP401200634APP(NH4PO3)nn1000/%()3132/%()1415/275(25)/gcm-311852100(25)/g(100mLH2O)-10125pH(10%)515715,%()0125,m153APP,,,,,,,,:[1].1,2000,12(2):36381[2]11,1998,(2):8101[3]..,1990,(1):4851.[4]..,1994,22(4):69.[5]HANSACORVER.Manufactureofwater-insolubleammoniumpolyphosphate.US3976752,1976-08-24.[6]..,2004,(3):1213.[7]KLAUSSCHRODTER.Linearsubstantiallywater-insolubleammoniumpolyphosphatesandprocessformakingthem.US4511546,1985-04-16.[8]SCHROEDTERHERMANN.Water-insolublecatenatedammoniumpolyphosphates.2330174,1975-06-02.[9]THOMASSTAFFEL.Processforproductingammoniumpolyphosphatewhichgivesalowviscosityaqueoussuspen2sion.US5043151,1991-08-27.[10]THOMASSTAFFEL.Processforproductingammoniumpolyphosphate.5165904,1992-11-24.[11]MAKOTOVATANABE.Preparationofammoniumformfromthesystemofammoniumorthophosphate-urea.BullChemSocJPn,2000.115119.[12]WATANABEMAKOTO.Processforammoniumpolyphosphateofcrystallineform.EP0721918,1995-12-19.[13]APP.,2004,(3):22.1120063: