非限制性定语从句 (3)

定语从句（part3）限制性定语从句在限制性定语从句中先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句就会失去意义或。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时和主句分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的。这种从句和主句之间往往隔开。意义不完整不用逗号意义清楚用逗号IlikethegirlwhoiswearingawhiteT-shirt.修饰限制Ilikethegirl,whoiswearingawhiteT-shirt.补充说明IlikethegirlwhoiswearingawhiteT-shirt.Ilikethegirl,whoiswearingawhiteT-shirt.我喜欢那个女孩，她穿白色T恤。（只有一个女孩）我喜欢那个穿白色T恤的女孩。（有可能不止一个女孩）区别一：形式不同（有无逗号）区别二：作用不同（限制定从与主句语意关系紧凑,定语从句不能删除；非限制定从与主句语意关系松散,定语从句可以删除）Hehasason,whoisanactor.Hehasasonwhowantstobeanactor.Hehasasonwhowantstobeanactor.(他可能有好几个儿子）Hehasason,whoisanactor.（他只有一个儿子）他有个想当演员的儿子。他有个儿子，他儿子想当演员。1.限定从中关系词省略，非限制从句中关系词不可省。2.在非限制性从句中，不可以用that1.Xi’an__________________Ivisitedlastyearisaverybeautifulcity.2.Xi’an,____________Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.(which/that)which我去年去过的城市西安是个美丽的城市西安是个美丽的城市，我去年去过那里。区别三：（关系词）3.非限制性定语从句中,关系副词不用why，可用forwhich.3.Ihadtoldthemthereason____________________Ididn‘tattendthemeeting.4.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________________Ididn‘tattendthemeeting.区别三：（关系词）why/forwhichforwhich区别三：（关系词）4.关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中做宾语时，可用that、who代替，但是在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。Thisistheman___________________wearetalkingabout.Ayoungmanhadanewboss,______hewantedtoimpress.(who/whom/that)whom这就是我们提到的那个男人。这个年轻人有个新老板，他想给他留下深刻印象。.1.Thenovelwhich/thatIreadlastnightisveryinteresting.2.Thenovelisveryinteresting,whichmademeveryglad.区别四：先行词不同限定句的先行词：通常是单个的名词或者是名词短语。非限定从的先行词：可以是单个的名词或短语也可以代替前文一句话。区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式作用关系词先行词修饰单个名词或者短语修饰单个名词、短语或整个句子无逗号有逗号与主句语意关系紧凑,不能删除与主句语意关系松散,可以删除1.关系代词可省略2.所有关系代词、关系副词1.关系代词不可省略。2.关系代词不用that3.关系副词不用why4.介词+which/whom1.Themeetingwaspostponed（推迟）,______________wasexctlywhatIwanted.A.thatBwhichc.andDthis2.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,______isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it3.Igavethemthereason,__________Ididn'tattendtheparty.AwhereB.whichCforwhichDwhyCBc1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_____wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(2007上海)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it2.Apples,aregoodatpeople’shealth,shouldbeeateneveryday.3.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.4.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvy(嫉妒)him.(2004,天津卷)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whichADthatwhichand一、as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：such…as像...一样so…as像...一样thesame…as和...同样主句中出现thesame,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语、宾语或表语。as在定语从句中的用法1.Ihaveneverseensuchalazymanasyou(are).我从来没有见过像你这样懒的人。2.Letchildrenreadsuchbooksaswillmakethembetterandwiser.让孩子们读使他们变得更好更聪明的书。3.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.这儿有一块没人能搬走的那么大的石头。4.HeisthenotthesamemanasIknew.他不是我过去认识的那个人了。二、引导非限制性定语从句⑴as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾1．Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.正如每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2．Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.地球，正如我们都知道的，围着太阳转。3.Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,asweallknow.汤姆工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。位置灵活（2）as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，常用在下列固定搭配中。1．asweallknow/asiswellknown2ashasbeensaid/mentionedbefore3．asmaybeimagined4．asoftenhappens5．aswasexpected6．ashasbeenalreadypointedout7．asweallcansee8.asisoftenthecase众所周知如上所述正如可以想象出来的那样正像经常发生的那样正如预料的那样正如已经指出的那样正如我们都会看到的那样正如常有的情形1.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.2.Hefailedintheexamagain,aswasexpected.3.Asyoumightimagine,Iwasn'tveryhappyaboutgettingupthatearly.4.Chinese,asyousee,arehandworking.5.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asitoftenhappens.高考链接--20101.(10福建24)StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who2.(10湖南28)I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.whichBA高考链接--20091.(09山东24)WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that2.(09宁夏海南28)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.theseBC4.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.(2008安徽卷)A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that5.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_______sightmattersmorethanhearing.[2007天津卷]A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.whereBD1.(2007山东)Wearejusttoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.whereAC1.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm____weworked.[2007山东卷]A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where2.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,___wantedtobuyit.[2007安徽卷]A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom高考链接--2007DD3.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer______sheneededtodecidewhattodo.[2007江西卷]A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.[2007陕西卷]A.whichB.asC.whyD.whereDDMakingHisMarkAman,whocamefromthestateofChu,wastakingaboatacrossariverwhenhedroppedhisswordintothewatercarelessly.Immediatelyhemadeamarkonthesideoftheboatwherethesworddropped,hopingtofinditlater.Whentheboatstoppedmoving,hewentintothewatertosearchforhisswordattheplacewherehehadmarkedtheboat.Asweknow,theboathadmovedbuttheswordhadnot.Isn’tthisaveryfoolishwaytol