International_Phonetic_Alphabet1

InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)主讲人:邵明丽成员：邵明丽、申立燕教育班2010/9/30JB203OriginoftheIPAHowthesoundsofEnglisharerepresentedbytheIPAFeaturesoftheIPAo•In1886,somephoneticsandlanguageteachersestablishedtheAssociationofPhoneticteachersinLondon,forlanguageteachingandresearch.TheassociationwashostedbyP.Passy(保尔·帕西),D.Hones（琼斯),etc.Theassociationisinternationalforthatit'smemberscamefrommanyEuropeancountries.IntheveryyeartheassociationpublishedamagazineentitledtheAssociationofphoneticteachersandthemagazinewasprintedallinphonetics.(in1971themagazinerenamedInternationalPhoneticAssociationjournel)OriginoftheIPAOriginoftheIPA•Butatthefirstfewyearsthestudiesofphoneticsareattheirprimarystage,theydon'thaveageneralstandard.Everyonehadhisownphonetics,soitisverydifficultforcommunication.•Inviewofthissituation,JensOttoHarryJespersen(叶斯柏森)wrotetoPassyforadvice,applyingtoformulateanotationalstandardforthephoneticrepresentationofalllanguages.OriginoftheIPA•TheIPAwasfirstpublishedin1888bytheAssociationPhonétiqueInternationale(renamedtheInternationalPhoneticAssociationin1897),agroupofFrenchlanguageteachersfoundedbyPaulPassy.Theaimoftheorganisationwastodeviseasystemfortranscribingthesoundsofspeechwhichwasindependentofanyparticularlanguageandapplicabletoalllanguages.•TheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetweusetodayistherevisededitionin1979,whichhadbeenrevisedmanytimes•国际音标（InternationalPhoneticAlphabet）是国际语音协会制定的记录语音的一种符号体系。原义国际语音字母，简称IPA。19世纪末期，西方语言学界鉴于当时的语言注音方案紊乱，对研究和教学都不利，一些学校的语言教师在英国伦敦成立了“语音教师协会”。他们共同讨论、制定一套国际语音字母方案。这个方案由英国的H.斯维特倡议，由法国的P.帕西、英国的D.琼斯等人于1888年完成，发表在该协会的刊物《语音教师》上。这是历史上第一个国际音标表。其后协会逐渐发展，各国语音学教师入会，1897年协会改名为国际语音协会。国际音标表已经国际语音协会多次修订补充，现在通行的是1979年修订的方案。产生过程可总结如下表1886年建立语音教师协会语言学本身的发展协会的会员们共同制定了音标的生理基础，即音标所标注的音素应该是人类的发音器官的各个部位能够发出来的语音。帕西根据斯威特提出的草案设计了一套记音系统1888年，国际音标1979版国际音标即现在的国际音标FeaturesoftheIPAFirst,accuratetranscription(记音准确).IntheInternationalphoneticalphabetasoundhasonlyonesymbol,andasymbolhasonlyonesound.Aphonemeonlyhaveasymbol,andasymbolrepresentsonlyafixedphoneme（音素）.AstheChinesepinyinpa.zhang.ai.Ian,allofthefourhavethelettera,actuallytheAsaredifferentphonemes.InternationalphoneticalphabethasA.§.a.ε（orP）thatcanrespectefourdifferentformsoflettersforthesedifferentphonemes.FeaturesoftheIPASecond,clean,simpleandeasytolearnform（形体简单清晰）.Internationalphoneticalphabetprinciplesstipulatedinarticle5:Thenewlettersshouldbesimilarwiththeoldletters,sothatjustfromtheirshapswecanknowwhatkindofsoundtheyrepresent.So,it'seasyforpeopletorecord,readandwrite.FeaturesoftheIPA•Third,theycanbeusedflexibily(使用灵活).ThesymbolsontheInternationalPhoneticAlphabetarelimited.Intheprocessofrecordingsomelanguage,itisinevitabletomeetsomespecialphonemes,sowecancreatenewsymbolsaccordingtotheprinciplesofinternationalphoneticsystem.EnglishalphabetConsonants子音EnglishVowelsanddiphthongs(双元音)参考书目://