日处理8万吨污水处理厂工艺设计

黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）I摘要水是人类最宝贵的自然资源之一，目前全世界正面临着越来越严重的缺水问题。因此，对水资源的保护，特别是对污水的净化处理和研究工作就显得十分重要，建设良好的污水处理厂势在必行。在许多大中城市的缺水问题严重，以及城市中人口密度大，产生的污水量也就很多，所以城市污水处理厂更显得很重要。在我国，中小城市零星分布，因此，中小型污水处理厂更是建设中的重中之重。中小型污水处理厂虽然不如大型的处理量大，但其成本少、易于建设。况且，中小型污水处理厂更适合我国城市众多的特点。处理工艺主要为活性污泥处理工艺以及其他先进的处理方法。本文对日处理8万吨的中型污水处理厂的工艺流程进行了简单的介绍。关键词：污水处理厂；活性污泥；氧化黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractThewaterisoneofthenaturalresourcesesthatthemankindaremostprecious,thewholeworldfacesthemoreandmoreseriouswatershortageproblemfacetofacecurrently.Therefore,totheprotectionoftheresourcesofwater,seemtobeveryimportanttothedecontaminationprocessingandtheresearchworksofthedirtywaterespecially,constuctthegoodanddirtywaterprocessingfactorypoweratgonecessarily.Thewatershortageproblemseverityofthecityinmainlybigly,andadensityofthecitymiddlemanisbig,outputanddirtywaterquantityalsoalotof,sothedirtywaterofcityprocessingthefactoryevenseemstobeveryimportant.Attheourcountry,distributepiecemealinthesmallcity,therefore,handleinthesmallscaledanddirtywaterthefactoryisalsoaconstructioninofheavyinitisheavy.Themediumsmallscaledanddirtywaterprocessingfactoryalthoughthenotequaltolargeprocessinghavegreatcapacity,itscostislittleandbeeasytotheconstruction.Besides,winthesmallscaledanddirtywaterprocessingfactorymoreinkeepingwithourcountrythecitynumerouscharacteristicses.Mainlyhandlethecrafttohandlecraftandtheprocessingmethodofotherforerunnersesfortheliveanddirtymire.Thistexthandlesthecraftprocessthat80,000medium-sizeddirtywatersofthetonshandlethefactorytocarryonthesimpleintroductiontotheday.Keyword:Thedirtywaterprocessingfactory;Liveanddirtymire;Oxidizetheditch黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章前言················································································1第2章水质标准、方案选择与工艺流程·············································22.1水质标准与工艺流程·····························································22.2方案选择············································································22.3原始数据确定······································································3第3章设计流量的计算和污水水质污染程度的确定······························43.1污水流量的计算···································································43.2污水水质污染程度的确定·······················································4第4章主要构筑物设备及工艺设计···················································54.1格栅··················································································54.2沉砂池···············································································94.3巴氏计量槽········································································104.4初沉池··············································································104.5A/O氧化沟·········································································124.6二次沉淀池········································································164.7污泥处理设计·····································································184.8自动控制系统·····································································22第5章工艺设计特点······································································23致谢··························································································24参考文献·····················································································25黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）1第1章前言水是人类的宝贵资源。由于淡水资源日益匮乏及其污染程度的不断加剧，发展环境保护事业，建立污水处理厂，将工业、家庭生活排放的污水，经城市污水处理厂治理后，使之达到国家规定的排放标准，已成为各国政府十分关注的大事。但是，城市污水处理是一门涉及生物、化学、物理等多门学科的综合性技术，其工艺机理较为复杂。随着人类社会的发展，特别是都市化和工业化的迅速发展，污水排放量大大超过了天然水体的自净能力，造成严重的环境污染和生态失衡。在人口聚集的城市、乡镇和排放废水的工矿企业设立污水处理厂，是保护自然环境和人类健康的必要措施。随着环保法律的不断规范和日益严格，我国将逐步建立数以千计的城市污水处理厂。有学者曾根据日处理污水量将污水处理厂分为大、中、小三种规模：日处理量大于10万m3为大型处理厂，1-10m3万为中型污水处理厂，小于1万m3的为小型污水处理厂。近年来，大型污水处理厂建设数量相对减少，而中小型污水厂则越来越多。如何搞好中、小型污水处理厂，特别是中型污水厂，是近几年许多专家和工程技术人员比较关注的问题。本文主要研究的是日处理80000吨污水的中型污水处理厂。黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）2第2章水质标准、方案选择与工艺流程2.1水质标准与工艺流程根据城市污水排放资料，并参照同类型城市污水处理厂实测资料，确定本工程设计进水水质为：BOD=100mg/L，COD=200mg/L，SS=200mg/L，TN=20mg/L，TP=3mg/L。参照《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-96），确定设计出水水质为：BOD≤20mg/L，COD≤60mg/L，SS≤20mg/L，TN≤15mg/L，TP≤1mg/L。根据原污水水质和排放要求，污水、污泥处理工艺流程见图2.1。图2.1污水、污泥处理工艺流程2.2方案选择1.应根据原始数据与城市地质情况，确定污水处理厂的大概规模，之后要根据水体自净能力、要求处理水质以及当地的具体条件来确定污水处理程度与处理工艺流程。优化选择的工艺流程。平面图布置紧凑，便于管理。2.在确定流程时，同时选择适宜的处理单位构筑物类型。对其进行设计计算时，确定包括有关设计参数、负荷、尺寸与所需的材料、规格等。3.根据原始水质资料、当地具体情况以及污水性质与成分，选择合适的污泥处理工艺方程进行各单位构筑物的设计计算。黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）32.3原始数据确定本设计主要处理为城市生活污水。污水处理量为平均日处理80000m3，预计最大处理量为日处理150000m3。本设计部分数据是根据潮州市第一污水处理厂标准数据来确定的。潮州市第一污水处理厂设计服务范围为31.8km2，人口35万人，近期设计流量为8万m3/d，避开了城市夏季主导风向，紧靠受纳水体三利溪，有利于污水管道建设和环境保护。黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）4%90%10020020200%100ssssssCSSCE%80%10010020100%100BODBODBODCBODCE第3章设计流量的计算和污水水质污染程度的确定3.1污水流量的计算sLdmQ/93.925/10834平均（3-1）sLdmQ/11.1736/101534max（3-2）3.2污水水质污染程度的确定1.按照排污口出水水质要求计算ESS。（3-3）2.按照排污口出水水质要求计算EBOD。（3-4）黑龙江生态工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）5第4章主要构筑物设备及工艺设计4.1格栅格栅的主要作用是将污水中的大块污物拦截,以免其对后续处理单元的机泵和工艺管线造成损坏。由一组平行的金属栅条或筛网制成，被安装在污水渠道、泵房集水井的进口处或污水处理厂的端部，用以截留较大悬浮物，以便减轻后续处理构筑物的处理负荷，并使之正常运行。格栅上的拦截物称为栅渣，其中包括数十种杂物，大至腐尸，小至树杈、木塞、破布条、碎砖石块、瓶盖、尼龙绳等均能在栅渣中发现。格栅有很多种类。按栅条的形式分有直棒式栅条格栅、转筒式格栅、辐射式格栅、弧形格栅和活动栅条格栅，最常见的格栅是直棒式栅条格栅。按照栅条之间的距离可分粗格栅和细格栅。近年来，由于各种格栅的使用，有人把格珊分为三类：栅距大于40