美国社会与文化2解析

ANationofImmigrantsTorF1.OnefactoraffectinglifestylesintheUnitedStatesisthedifferentclimates.2.AmericanIndiansallspeakthesamelanguage.3.ThedominantAmericanculturewasestablishedbyimmigrantswhocamefromsouthernEurope.4.ThroughoutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,moreimmigrantshavecomefromEnglish-speakingcountriesthananyothercountries.TorF5.U.S.immigrationpolicyhasstayedthesameforthelast100years.6.TheEnglishlanguagehasnoadjectiveforUnitedStatesandthereforeusesthetermAmericantorefertoitspeople.7.ItisnotpossibletomakegeneralizationsaboutwhatAmericansbelievebecausetheyaresodifferent.HowmanystatesarethereintheUnitedStates?Thereare50statesintheUnitedStates(48contiguousstates,2non-contiguousones---Alaska&Hawaii).ThelargestoneisAlaskaandthesmallestoneisRhodeIsland.Themostfamousriver:TheMississippiRiver(密西西比)Thelargestlakes:TheGreatLakes(大湖区)Themountains:theRockyMountains(落基山脉)`T1.OnefactoraffectinglifestylesintheUnitedStatesisthedifferentclimates.1)TheimmensesizeoftheUnitedStatesHowmanytypesofclimatecanbefoundintheUnitedStates?SixtypesofclimatecanbefoundintheUnitedStates.Theyare:1.thehumidcontinentalclimateinthenorth-easternpartofthecountry;2.thehumidsubtropicalclimateinthesouth-easternUnitedStates;3.thecontinentalsteppeclimateoftheGreatPlains;4.thecontinentaldesertclimateoftheintermountainregion;5.themaritimeclimateinthePacificnorthwest;6.theMediterraneanclimateinthesouthernpartofthepacificocean.2)GreatethnicdiversityWhites79.96%Blacks12.85%Asians4.43%AmericanIndiansandAlaskaNatives0.97%NativeHawaiiansandotherPacificIslanders0.18%Twoormoreraces1.61%Whatisthemeaningoftheword“Hispanic”?HispanicisconsideredtomeanapersonofLatinAmericandescentlivingintheU.S.whomaybeofanyraceorethnicgroup.Currently,about15.1%ofthetotalU.S.populationisHispanic.TherearethreegroupsofHispanicsthathavegreatinfluenceontheUnitedStates.ThefirstgroupisMexican-Americans,orChicanos.ThesecondgroupisPuertoRicans.ThethirdgroupistheCuban-Americanswhocreateda“littleCuba”intheMiamiarea.2)GreatethnicdiversityNativeAmericansColumbusEarlyImmigrantsImmigrantsofThe1900sImmigrantsPatternsof21stCenturyMelting-potorSaladbowlNativeAmericansF.2.AmericanIndiansallspeakthesamelanguage.About75,000yearsbeforethebirthofChrist,theancestorsoftheNativeAmericansmigratedfromEasternAsiaacrossalandbridgetoAlaska.IndianReservationsItisnotuntil1924thattheU.S.Congresspassedalaw,makingallIndianscitizensoftheU.S.In1492,ColumbusfoundthenewcontinentcalledAmerica.EarlyImmigrantsSpanish:Theybuiltthefirsttownonthenewcontinent.English:1620,“MayFlower”,Plymouth,theoriginofThanksgivingDay,goodChristians,Englishlanguage.Dutch:TheybuiltNewYorkCityatthebeginningstage.French:Todaystilllotsofpeople’smothertongueisFrenchinNorthAmerica.GermanTheScotch-Irish2)Greatethnicdiversity•‘IimploreyoutorecognizetheChurchasaladyandinthenameofthe•PopetaketheKingaslordofthislandandobeyhismandates.Ifyou•donotdoit,ItellyouthatwiththehelpofGodIwillenterpowerfully•againstyouall.IwillmakewareverywhereandeverywaythatI•can.IwillsubjectyoutotheyokeandobediencetotheChurchandto•hismajesty.Iwilltakeyourwomenandchildrenandmakethemslaves.•...Thedeathsandinjuriesthatyouwillreceivefromhereonwillbe•yourownfaultandnotthatofhismajestynorofthegentlementhat•accompanyme.’2)GreatethnicdiversityF.3.ThedominantAmericanculturewasestablishedbyimmigrantswhocamefromsouthernEurope.F.4.ThroughoutthehistoryoftheUnitedStates,moreimmigrantshavecomefromEnglish-speakingcountriesthananyothercountries.F5.U.S.immigrationpolicyhasstayedthesameforthelast100years.*1921*1924*1965*1990sImmigrantsofThe1900sReasons:1.theIndustrialRevolutioninEurope,theenclosuremovementontheland2.theEuropeanpopulationdoubledChinese---“GoldRush”inCaliforniaBytheyear2000,morethan11percentofallAmericanswereforeignborn;somestatehadevenhigherpercentagesofforeign-bornresidents:Californiaover26%NewYork,over20%NewJersey,Florida,andNevada,eachover15%Arizona,illinois,andTexas,eachover12%The21stcenturyimmigrationpatternsFewEuropeansMorethanhalffromLatinAmericaAstheminority,nonwhitepopulationcontinuestogrow,thewhitemajoritygrowssmaller.MeltingpotorSaladbowl?AmericaisGod’sCrucible,thegreatMelting-PotwherealltheracesofEuropearemeltingandre-forming…GermansandFrenchmen,IrishmenandEnglishmen,JewsandRussians---intotheCruciblewithyouall!GodismakingtheAmerican!------IsraelZangwill,1908Meltingpot:variousracialandethnicgroupshavebeencombinedintooneculture.Saladbowl:thevariousgroupshaveremainedsomewhatdistinctanddifferentfromoneanother,creatingarichlydiversecountry.Mosaic:theindividualsofdifferentcolorsandethnicgroupsarestilldistinctandrecognizable,buttogethertheycreateapicturethatisAmerican.Epluribusunum---themottooftheUnitedStatesfromitsbeginning---meansOutofmany,one,国徽正面图案解释国徽正面图案的主要形象是象征美国的白头海雕（常被误为是秃鹰），白头海雕是力量、勇气、自由和不朽的象征。白头海雕的双翅展开。左右鹰爪分别抓着象征和平和武力的橄榄枝和箭。鹰头目视右方，象征着期望和平。鹰嘴叼着的绶带上写着拉丁文格言“合众为一”（EPluribusUnum）。鹰头上方的象征着拥有主权的新生国家光环的蓝色背景里镶着象征美国最初13个州的13颗五角星。MeltingpotorSaladbowl?TigerWoodsEffect1月21日，泰格·伍兹与他的女儿、母亲和妻子（从左至右）在雕像前合影。当日，高尔夫球名将泰格·伍兹与父亲厄尔·伍兹的雕像在加利福尼亚州阿