Design-of-Landscape-Ecological-Restoration-forFiv

95DesignofLandscapeEcologicalRestorationfor“FiveMiningAreas”oftheLaoqingMountainintheDianchiLakeBasinZHUGuofei,HUYeqing,LONGHaijun,CAIFang,SHELihua(KunmingSurvey&DesignInstituteofStateForestryAdministration,Kunming,Yunnan650216,China)AbstractThroughanalyzingbasicconditionsofthe“fiveminingareas”intheLaoqingMountainoftheDianchiLakeBasin,inKunmingCity,SouthChina,theecologicalrestorationdesignof“integratingengineeringprotectionandbiologicalrestoration,buildingthelandscapeecologicalsecuritypatternoftheLaoqingMountain”wasproposed.Consideringthedifferentecologicalfunctionalareas,varyingengineeringmeasures,greeningpatterns,andirrigationmeanswereselectedfortheecologicalrestoration,includingsitemanagement,vegetationrestoration,managementandutilizationetc..Theseecologicalrestorationmeasureswillproducefavorableecologicalbenefits,andalsotakelandscapeeffectandsustainabledevelopmentintoconsideration,whichwillcontributetotheecologicalrestorationofthe“fiveminingareas”,andprovideascientificandfeasiblereferencefortheecologicalrestorationinChina.Keywords“Fiveminingareas”ofLaoqingshanMountain,Landscapeecologicalrestoration,Sitemanagement,Vegetationrestoration,ManagementandutilizationDOI10.16785/j.issn1943-989x.2019.2.022“Fiveminingareas”refertothemineableareasforores,quarrying,sand,earth,andbrickkilns.NorthwestKunmingintheDianchiLakeBasinoncewastheimportantsourcelandforquarrying,mining,sandandearthexcavationfortheindustrialandagriculturaldevelopment,andalsourbanconstruction.TheLaoqingMountaininWuhuaDistrictisoneofthetypical“fiveminingareas”,thevegetationdegradation,dangerousbarerocksandsteepcliffsandslopescausedbyover-explorationinthepastyearshavethreatenedthesecurityofpassingvehiclesonthehighwayandandtouringroutesbythemountainfoot.Inaddition,ithasdegradedthelandscapeecologicalfunctionsinnorthernKunming,whichfailstokeeppacewiththesustainableandhealthydevelopmentofthemoderncity,thusitisimperativetoimprovelocalenvironmentthroughecologicalrestoration,andconstructtheoptimallandscapeecologicalsecuritypattern.1Statusquoof“fiveminingareas”intheLaoqingMountainThetarget“fiveminingareas”ecologicalrestorationprojectintheLaoqingMountainislocatedontheurban-ruralfringesofnorthwestKunming,northsideofPujiOverpassinWuhuaDistrict,105°39′10″-105°39′26″E,25°07′17″-25°07′27″N.LyingonthenorthwestportaltoKunming,itisclosetothenorthwestpassengerstation,Beijing-KunmingHighway,Western3rdRingRoad,JiaoziSnowMountainTouringRoute,OldKunming-FuningHighway,andKunmingHighway,only8kmawayfromthedowntown.Theecologicalrestorationareaislocatedinthepatchof“QiongzhuTemple-QingshanForestPark-ChangchongMountainEco-park-BotanicGarden”,oneofthe“eightpatches”amongtheurbangreenspacesystemofKunming“OneRing,FourWedges,OneAxis,TwoRings,FourFences,FiveRoutes,EightPatches,NineGardens”.ItisalsoakeyimprovementareaforthedistrictfacingthemountainintheDianchiBasin,takinganessentialpositionintheecologicalenvironmentofthecity.2Analysisofthe“fiveminingareas”intheLaoqingMountain2.1UnfavorableconditionsOver-explorationinthepastdecadeshasledtounfavorableconditionsofthestudyarea.First,thesurfacesoillayerwascompletelydestroyed,resultinginbarerocks,degradedvegetation,wastelandanddesertification.Thequarryingpitsofdifferentsizesandelevations(southernpit,northernpitandgroove)indicatetheaggravatedgeologicalenvironment,muddylandinrainydays,seriousdustpollutionindryseason,andthreatentheairandsurfacewaterenvironmentintheneighborhood.Second,steepslopes,dangerousrockswithtensilefractures,messywasteaggregatedstonesareallseriousthreatsforthesecurityofsurroundingroads.Third,thequarryingheightwasover110m,anditwasplannedtorestorethemountainsandvegetationbyrefillingthemountainandreducingtheelevationdifference,whichmeansmoredifficultiesfortheslopeimprovement,refillingprojectdesignandconstruction.Theseenvironmentalproblemsofthe“fiveminingareas”leftbyquarryingandminingarealsofactorsblockingthesustainablesocialandeconomicdevelopment.2.2FavorableconditionsGreatelevationdifferencesofthetargetareaareadvantagesfortheecologicalrestorationdesign,whichwillhelpformdiversifiedlandscapehierarchiesandbeautifulnaturalskylines.Moreover,localclimateisfavorableforthevegetationrestoration.Therestorationareaislocatedintheheartofoneofthe“eightpatches”inthegreenspaceplanningofKunming,itenhancestheconnectionamongneighboringgreenpatchesasarelativeecologicalpatch,andcontributestothesystematicandnetworkingconstructionofecologicalgreenspaces.LyingadjacenttotheimportanttrafficroadsconnectingnorthwestYunnanandotherprovinces,thelocalareaenjoysanexcellenttrafficpositionfortheecologicalrestoration.Inaddition,suchatrafficadvantageraiseshigherrequirementsontheecologicalrestoration,i.e.ithastonotonlyguaranteethesecurityofpassingvehicles,butalsoenrichthevisuallandscapesReceived:February23,2019Accepted:March29,2019AuthorBiography:ZHUGuofei,Male,borninSeptember1985,seniorengineer.JournalofLandscapeResearch2019,11(2):95–98,10396JournalofLandscapeResearchalongroads,andpresenttheparticularlandscapeidentityandregionalculturalcharacteristics.3Design