Nobel-literature-prize

AlfredBernhardNobelisaSwedish,famousinventorandchemist.Nobelwrotethewillthathewillcontributehispropertytoestablishafund(克朗)dkr312,200,000asabonus.Theinterestonthefundeveryyearwillbeawardedtothepersonwhomakesthegreatestcontributiontothepeople.Accordingtohiswill,theSwedishgovernmentestablishedthenobelfoundationwhichwasresponsibletodividethefund'sinterestintofiveshares.Nobelliteratureprizeisoneofthem.TheoriginofnobelliteratureprizeTheselectionprocessofNobelliteratureprizeＡ．Theawardingbasis评奖基准：诺贝尔遗嘱和诺贝尔基金会章程TheselectionoftheNobelprizeisnotbasedonanyrecognizedprinciple,orstandard,butitisbasedontheNobel’sdesireandthought.ThelegalbasiswashiswillonNov.27,1895.诺贝尔文学奖的审美标准是“具有理想主义倾向的杰出文学作品”NobelPrizeawardshavegonethroughroughlythreeperiodofthestandard:Thefirstperiod(fromtheestablishmenttothethirtiesoflastcentury.)Theoveralltoneisinclinedtorealism,andconventionalprinciplesliteratureformtoreflecthumanemotionandrichlifeThesecondperiod(from40to70yearsoflastcentury)theNobelprizecommitteestartedtopayattentiontotheinnovationThethirdperiod(from80thcenturytonow)Manywriters,fromAmerica,Asia,Oceania,Africaandothercountries,havewontheNobelPrizeforLiteratureSincetheeightiesInlastcentury,cross-culturehasbecomeitsprominentfeature,Nobelprizeispromotingdifferentethnicliteraturetotheworld'speople,whichencouragepeopletohavealookatdifferentcultures.Ｂtheawardinginstitution：SwedishacademycollegesandthenobelcommitteeTheSwedishking‘siii古斯塔夫三世followedaftertheFrenchCollege(法兰西学院)andestablishedSwedishacademycollegesinStockholm(斯德哥尔摩)---thecapitaloftheSweden---onApr.5,1786.Becauseitemphasislanguageinthepast,mosttraditionalacademicians(院士)arelinguistsandhistorians.Onlyaminorityofthissituationarelitterateursandwriters.in1896,Swedishacademycollegesacceptedthetasktoawardthenobelprizeinliterature.Itsfunctionwasturningtoliterature.Moreandmorewriterswereelectedasacademicians.Inrecentyearsthenumberhasbeenmorethanthehalf.Swedishacademycollegeselects3to5academicianstoconsistofthenobelcommittee.Theseacademiciansarefamousscholarswhoaregoodatseverallanguageshavea3-yeartermsofservice.Swedishacademycollegesisanorganizationthataretotallyindependentfromthegovernment,andanypoliticalandsocialgroups.Eachacademicianshasitsownmoralorientation,andpoliticalorientation,buttheFacultyasawholehasatendencytoavoidtheformationofpoliticalintervention.C.NominationThequalificationsofLiteraryAwardnominees(提名人):①theacademiciansinSwedishacademycollegesandtheequivalentofsuchpersoninothercountry;②universityprofessorofliteratureandlinguisticsprofessor;③Nobellaureateinliterature;④PresidentsofSocietyofWritersinallthecountries..并非任何人都有资格作为诺贝尔奖提名人，团体提名和自我申请不被接受。文学奖的资格是：①瑞典文学院院士和各国相当于文学院士资格的人士；②高等院校文学教授和语言学教授；③诺贝尔文学奖得主；④各国作家协会主席。InSeptembereachyear,thejuryforliteraturewillsendabout600invitationseachyeartorelevantorganizationsallovertheworldandindividualswhoareconsideredtobeeligibletonominate.Subscribers提名人mustsubmitanofficialnominationletter,alongwithcandidateinformation(suchastheoriginalortranslation),submittedtotheappropriateinstitutionsbeforeatmidnightonFebruary1stinthatyear1.Accreditation(.资格确认):Atfirst,thejurycleanouttheunqualifiednomination.Thentheeffectivenominationwillberegisteredintheprimarylistincluding200—300peoplewhichwillbesubmittedtotheFacultyofArtsexaminationinearlyFebruary.Theselectionprocess2.Primaries(初选):thejurywillcleanoutthemajorityofallcandidatestosubmitacompressionoflistincluding15-20peoplecalledachecklist“(复选名单).ThislistwillbereportedtogaintheapprovalofCollegeinApril.3.Check复选:BytheendofMay,thejurywillmakeashortlist“(决选名单)consistingof5people.ItisthethirdtimethatthelistisreportedtotheFacultyofArtsapproval.FacultyofArtsatthehospital(院会)canmodifythelistofcandidates,replaceoradd.4.Runoff决选:FromthebeginningofJune,alltheacademicians’summerjobsaretoreadtheworksoffivecandidates.Eachjudgealsoneedtowritetheirownrecommendationreportsrespectively.Inmid-SeptembertheFacultyintheresume复会beginthefinalselection.Theinvestigationabouttherecentdevelopmentsofthefinalselection,willalsobecompletedwithinthreemonths.Thetimefromtheresume复会topublishtheresults,isonlyaslongas2weekstomorethanfourweeks.Theacademicianswilldiscuss,commentandvoteeveryThursdaynightuntilonecandidategainmorethanhalfofthevotes(atleasteightvotesthisyear).Ifnoonevotesmorethanhalfafterrepeated,sometimestherewillbeaacompromisethattwomenwillshare(fourtimessofar),sometimestherewillbevacancieslefttore-evaluationinnextyear.5.AwardNotice:TheagenciesgenerallyawardandpublicNobelPrizewinnersinOctober,notlaterthanOctober15th.ThepublishedliteratureprizeinOctoberisusuallythefirstThursdayandsometimesthesameasthisyearinthesecondThursday.AwardNoticepublishedonlythroughtheawarddecisions,andrelatedCitation.赞辞Allcommentsandvotingrecordsareconfidential,validfor50years.EveryyearonDec.10--the“NobelDay”,theNobelawardsofgrandceremonywillbeheldinthecapitalofStockholminSweden(瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩)andinOslo,Norway.(挪威首都奥斯陆).ExceptofthePeacePrize,theotherawardwinnerswillbeawardedintheStockholmConcertHallbytheKingofSweden.NobelPrizewinnerseachreceiveabonusche