数学专用术语中英文对照

数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem?计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product?除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient?等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan?小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator?数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint?分数fraction分子numerator?分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative?零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem?二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem?权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round?下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup?有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit?代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor?等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower??开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void?子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function?定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range?常量constant变量variable?单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity?周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus?微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle?直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle?平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle?直角边leg斜边hypotenuse?勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle?长length宽width菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond正方形square?梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon?八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon圆circle圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)半径radius?直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle?扇形sector环ring?椭圆ellipse圆周circumference周长perimeter面积area轨迹locus,loca(pl.)相似similar?全等congruent四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron?九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron?十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron?二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron棱锥pyramid棱柱prism?棱台frustumofaprism旋转rotation轴axis圆锥cone?圆柱cylinder圆台frustumofacone?球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis?横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate?原点origin双曲线hyperbola?抛物线parabola三角trigonometry?正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine?反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre(BrE),incenter(AmE)?外心excentre(BrE),excenter(AmE)旁心escentre(BrE),escenter(AmE)垂心orthocentre(BrE),orthocenter(AmE)重心barycentre(BrE),barycenter(AmE)内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle?统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability?分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram初中数学词汇二mathematics数学???theorem定理???calculation计算???operation运算???arithmetic算术,四则运算???addition加法???subtraction减法???multiplication乘法???division除法???sum和???remainder余???product积???quotient商???2plus1equals3二加一等于三???4minus2equals2四减二等于二???4multipliedby5,4times5四乘以五???addend加数???plussign加号???minussign减号???multiplicand被乘数???multiplier乘数???divisor除数???dividend被除数???decimalpoint小数点???noughtpointfour零点四???fraction分数???ratio比???proportion比例???numerator分子???commondenominator公分母???exponent指数???differentialcalculus微分学???integralcalculus积分???sliderule计算尺???function函数???derivative导数???power幂,乘方???toraisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方???xsquared某数的平方???cube三次方???threecubed三次方的???tothefourthpower,tothepoweroffour乘四次方???squareroot平方根???cuberoot立方根???ruleofthree比例法???logarithm对数???logarithmtable对数表???algeba代数???equation等式,方程式????unknown未知数???simpleequation一次方程???quadraticequation二次方程???cubicequation三次方程???planegeometry平面几何???solidgeometry立体几何???descriptivegeometry画法几何???space空间???area面积???line线???point点???circle圆???centre圆心(美作:center)???circumference圆周???arc弧???radius半径???diameter直径???degree度???parallel平行线???polygon多边形???equilateraltriangle等边三角形???isoscelestriangle等腰三角形???scalenetriangle不等边三角形???right-angledtriangle直角三角形????base底???side边???hypothenuse斜边,弦???quadrilateral四边形???rectangle矩形???square正方形???trapezium斜方形???rho