哈佛公开课Justice-第一课字幕-中英对照精解

 1 / 29  JusEpisodeOnPARTONEIfyouhafiveothwoulddiWhatwouProfessoAfterthetosaveconundrudifficulbecomescontradialwaysbPARTTWOSandeliBentham,shipwrecdecidestherestaclassrdoctrineforthe stice:What’sOneE:THEMORALSadtochoosebersand(2)derightbeforldbetherigrMichaelSanemajorityofthelivesofms—eachonet.Asstudenclearthatthctory,andthlackandwhitO:THECASEFOintroducesthewithafamouckedcrewofftokillthewtcanfeedonroomdebateabethattherighgreatestnumbstheRightTSIDEOFMURDEbetween(1)kioingnothingreyoureyesihtthingtodndelusestolstudentsvotefiveothers,artfullydesintsstanduptoheassumptionsequestionofte.ORCANNIBALISMeprinciplesousnineteenthfour.Afternweakestamongshisbloodandboutthemoralhtthingtodober.ThingtoDo?ER谋杀的道德侧illingonepereventhoughyfyoudidnoto?That’stlaunchhiscoesforkillingSandelpreseignedtomakeodefendtheirsbehindourmwhatisrightSM食人肉案件ofutilitariahcenturyleganineteendaysstthem,thedbodytosurlvalidityofiswhateverp侧面rsontosavetyouknewthatthing—whatwothehypotheticurseonmoralgtheonepersntsthreesimthedecisionrconflictingmoralreasonintandwhatiswanphilosopheralcaseinvolvlostatsea,youngcabinbrvive.Thecfutilitarianiproducesthegrthelivesoffivepeopleouldyoudo?calscenariolreasoning.soninordermilarmoralnmorechoices,itngareoftenwrongisnotr,Jeremyvingathecaptainboy,sothatcasesetsupism—anditsreatestgoodepisode['epimoral['mɔrəhypothetical['scenario[si'nareasoning['ri:vote[vəut]nconundrum[kartfully['a:tfuldefend[di'fenconflict['kɔnflconflicting[kədefend[di'fenassumption[əcontradictorycannibalism['utilitarian[.julegal['li:gəl]shipwrecked[crew[kru:]amongst[ə'mʌcabin['kæbisurvive[sə'vdebate[di'bevalidity[væ'ldoctrine['dɔisəud]n.插曲əl]adj.道德的'haipəu'θetikəl]a:riəu]n.情节zniŋ]n.推论n.投票,选举vkə'nʌndrəm]nli]adv.艺术地,有d]v.防护,辩likt]n.冲突,矛ən'fliktiŋ]adjd]v.防护,辩护ə'sʌmpʃən]n.假[.kɔntrə'diktəri'kænibəlizəm]nu:tili'tɛəriən]n.功adj.法律的,合'ʃiprekt]adj.失n.全体船员ʌŋst]prep.在n]n.船舱,机vaiv] 活下来,幸eit]n.v.辩论liditi]n.有效性ɔktrin]n.教义曲,一段情节,片的]adj.假设的,假节梗概,剧本论,推理,论证v.投票,选举,n.谜语,难题有技巧地,熟练地辩护,防守矛盾vi.冲突,争.相冲突的护,防守假定,设想,担任(职i]adj.矛盾的nn.吃人肉的习性功利主义者adj合法的,法定的失事的,遭海难...之中,在...之机舱,小木屋幸存;残留论,讨论性,正确性,正当义,主义,学说片段,轶事假定的,爱猜想的表决地,狡诈地争执职责等),假装n.矛盾性,同类相食j.功利的,实用的的难的之间(=among)当的 2 / 29  Fundingforthisprogramisprovidedby...此节目由以上公司fund[fʌnd]资金,基金,专款Additionalfundingprovidedby...以上人士提供赞助Thisisacourseaboutjustice这是一堂关于公平与正义的公共课course[kɔ:s]学科，课程，教程andwebeginwithastory.让我们先从一个故事讲起hurtle['hə:tl]v.猛冲;飞驰,猛烈碰撞Supposeyou’rethedriverofatrolleycar,假设你现在是一辆有轨电车的司机suppose[sə'pəuz]假定;设想，料想andyourtrolleycarishurtlingdownthetrackat60milesanhour.而你的电车正在铁轨上以时速60英里疾驶trolley['trɔli]〔英〕手推车；〔美〕(有轨)电车Andattheendofthetrack在铁轨末端brake[breik]制动器-break[breik]毁坏,打破younoticefiveworkersworkingonthetrack.你发现有五个工人在铁轨上工作Youtrytostopbutyoucan't,你尽力想停下电车,但是你做不到yourbrakesdon’twork.电车的刹车失灵了美剧绝望的主妇DesperateHousewivesYoufeeldesperatebecauseyouknow你觉得十分绝望，因为你知道desperate:绝望的,穷途末路的,拼命的thatifyoucrashintothesefiveworkers,theywillalldie.如果你就这样撞向这5个工人，他们必死无疑crashinto碰到，撞在Let’sassumeyouknowthatforsure.假定你很清楚这一点assume[ə'sjuːm]假定，想像，设想Andsoyoufeelhelplessuntilyounotice正当你感到无助的时候,你突然发现thatthereis,offtotheright,就在右边asidetrackandattheendofthattrack,一条岔道，那根轨道的尽头thereisoneworker,workingonthetrack.只有一个工人在那里工作Yoursteeringwheelworks,soyoucanturnthetrolleycar,你的方向盘没有失灵,只要你愿意steering['stiəriŋ]舵把,方向盘；掌舵,驾驶,转向。ifyouwantto,ontothesidetrack你可以让电车转向到那条分叉铁轨上steer[stiə]掌(舵)驾驶(船/车);指导领导操纵killingtheonebutsparingthefive.撞死一个工人但却因此救了另外5个人spare[spɛə]不伤害,不损害,使某人免遭(麻烦)。Here’sourfirstquestion:what’stherightthingtodo?现在提出第一个问题，我们该怎么做才对?Whatwouldyoudo?Let’stakeapoll.你会怎么做?我们做个调查看看poll[pəul]投票，投票数；Howmanywouldturnthetrolleycarontothesidetrack?Raiseyourhands.有多少人会选择让电车转向到分叉铁轨上,请举手takeapoll:投票表决Howmanywouldn’t?Howmanywouldgostraightahead?多少人不会?多少人选择就这样笔直开下去?Keepyourhandsupthoseofyou,whowouldgostraightahead.选笔直开下去的人先别放手Ahandfulofpeoplewould,少数人会handful['hændful]少数,少量,一小撮;一把thevastmajoritywouldturn.大多数人选择转向majority[mə'dʒɔ:riti]大多数,过半数,大部分Let’shearfirst,nowweneedtobegin让我们先听听看toinvestigatethereasonswhyyouthink现在我们研究下你为什么觉得investigate[in'vestigeit]研究，调查；审查。 3 / 29  it'stherightthingtodo.这样做是正确的Let’sbeginwiththoseinthemajoritywhowouldturntogo让我们先从大多数人开始吧,谁选择转向的？ontothesidetrack.Whywouldyoudoit?你为什么这么选？Whatwouldbeyourreason?Who’swillingtovolunteerareason?你的理由是什么？谁愿意给我一个理由的？volunteer[.vɔlən'tiə]vt自愿去做,自动请求去做。n自愿者adj自愿的志愿的Goahead.Standup.站起来说吧Becauseitcan'tberighttokillfivepeople因为当你可以只撞死一个人时whenyoucanonlykillonepersoninstead.却去撞死5个人肯定是不对的Itwouldn’tberighttokillfiveifyoucouldkill当可以只撞死一个人时却去撞死5个人肯定不对onepersoninstead.That’sagoodreason.这是个好理由That’sagoodreason.Whoelse?这是个好理由其他人呢？Doeseverybodyagreewiththatreason?Goahead.每个人都同意刚刚那个理由么?你来WellIwasthinkingit’sthesamereasonon9/11我觉得这和9.11的一项事件是同样原因withregardtothepeoplewhoflewtheplaneintothePennsylvaniafieldasheroes我们把那些将飞机撞向宾夕法尼亚空地的人视为英雄regardsb/sth(withsth);~sb/sthassth将某人[某事物]视为;认为某人[某事物]是becausetheychosetokillthepeopleontheplane因为他们选择只牺牲飞机里的人andnotkillmorepeopleinbigbuildings.从而拯救了大楼里的更多生命Sotheprincipletherewasthesameon9/11.所以原因和9.11事件中那些人的选择是相同的principle['prinsəpl]本质,本体,根源,本原,源泉。It’satragiccircumstancebutbettertokillone虽然一定会发生悲剧但只撞死一个人tr