Unit 3 Food Fight

Unit3TextFoodFightI.TitleItreferstoafightagainst“geneticallymodifiedfood”(GMF)esp.betweenE.U.(theEuropeanUnion)andU.S.(theUnitedStates)GeneticallyModifiedFood(GMF)–Foodmadebyreweavingthegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetablesorbytakingagenefromoneplantoranimal&puttingitinanother转基因食品–是利用现代分子生物技术，将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去，改造生物的遗传物质，使其在形状、营养品质、消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变。以转基因生物为直接食品或为原料加工生产的食品就是“转基因食品”。WhatisthefirstGMFproducedinAmerica&whendiditappear?GMtomatoproducedbyMonsantoCompanyfirstappearedinAmericain1994WhatisthefirstGMFproducedinChinaandwhendiditappear?GMriceproducedbyYuanLongping,whoisconsideredtobethefatherofrice,firstappearedinChinain1999.TheglobaldistributionofGMfoodBooksaboutGMFII.AuthorJeffreyKlugerisaseniorwriteratTimemagazine,coveringscienceingeneralandthespaceprograminparticularandauthorofseveralbooksonsciencetopicsincludingSplendidSolution:JonasSalkandtheConquestofPolio;Simplexity;JourneyBeyondSelene;andLostMoon:ThePerilousVoyageofApollo13,whichservedasthebasisofthe1995movie,Apollo13.III.StructureoftheTextPartI(para.1-2)–protestagainsttheMcDonald’sfoodinFranceandreasonsPartII(para.3-7)–PopularityofGMfoodandcausesPartIII(para.8-14)–BadeffectsofGMfood&foodfightbetweenE.U.&U.S.PartIV(lastpara.)–Conclusion:Consumers’attitudesdeterminethepopularityoftheGMfoodIV.TextAnalysisengineer–vt.arrangebycleversecretplanning精明地处理consume–eatordrinkskeptical–doubting,distrustfulprotest–saysth.againstfolks–peopleingeneralMcDonald’sMcDonald’s–theworld’sbiggestrestaurantchainisasymbolofAmericanculture.Why?ItstandsfortwoofAmericanculturalvalues–competition&efficiency.Willyoupleasesaysth.aboutMcDonald’s?Afast-foodhamburgerrestaurantfoundedinCaliforniainthe1950sbyMacandDickMcDonald.In1954,entrepreneurRayKrocmadeadealwiththebrotherstosellfranchises(特许经销权),andin1960paidthem$2.7millionforallthetrademarks,copyrights,andsecrets.TodayMcDonaldshasover8,000storesacrosstheU.S,andover11,000franchisesworldwide.Ithasbecomethelargestminimum-wageemployerinAmericaanditownsmorerealestatethananyothercompanyonearth.Therestaurant'smascot(吉祥物),RonaldMcDonald,introducedin1966,isnowrecognizedby96percentofallAmericanshoolchildren,secondonlytoSantaClaus.Itslogo,apairofgoldenarcheshasalsohelpedtoestablishtherestaurantasauniversalbusiness.McDonald'shasusedmanyslogansovertheyears,themostsuccessfulonewasYouDeserveaBreakToday(1970-74).Thecompany'smenuhasexpandedovertheyears,butthegeneralphilosophyofprovidinguniformqualityandquickservicehasremainedthesame.McDonald'shassoldover100billionburgers.麦当劳50年代末由麦克.麦当劳和迪克.麦当劳创办于加利福尼亚洲的一家汉堡包快餐店。1954年，企业家雷.克罗克与两兄弟作了一笔交易，卖给他开设专卖店的特权。1960年，他付给两兄弟270万美元，买下了所有商标、版权和秘方。今天，麦当劳在美国有超过8,000家餐馆，在全世界有超过11,000家专卖店。它已成为美国最大的低工资雇主，它拥有比地球上任何其他公司更多的不动产。餐馆的吉祥人物罗纳德.麦当劳是1966年开始启用的，现在,美国中小学的孩子们有96%都认识他，仅次于圣诞老人。它的标志，即一对金色的拱门，也有助于它成为一家世界性的企业。麦当劳多年来用过许多广告语，其中最成功的是“你今天应该得到休息”（1970-1974）。该公司的菜单逐年扩大，但保证始终如一的质量和快速的服务这两项宗旨则没有改变。麦当劳已售出超过1000亿份汉堡包。manure–animalwasteorothermaterial,肥料粪便naturalorartificialspreadoverormixedwiththesoiltomakeitfertilemountain–(fig.)sth.immense巨大之物amountainofdebts债台高筑amountainofdifficulties困难重重Thewavesweremountainhigh(veryhigh).blandness–(offood)nothurtingthestomach&withoutmuchtaste(食物)清淡hegemony–leadership霸权主义genteel–polite&well-bred有教养的WhydidFrenchfarmersprotestagainstMcDonald’s?BecausetheydislikedtheuniquelyAmericanfood–esp.theverygenesthatmaketheMcDonald’sbeeforbunorpotatowhatitis,itssameness,itsblandness,andtheculinaryhegemonyitrepresents.Whydopeoplearoundtheworldgrowuneasywithwhattheyeat?BecauseGMFhasbecomeanincreasingcommonphenomenon,peopleworryalotaboutthesafetyofthiskindoffood.make-up–(fig.)composition成分modify–makechangesin,makedifferentreweave–puttogether编排clear–getpastoroverwithouttouching通过而未触及Sotomayor,theCubanholderoftheworldhighjumprecord,cleared2.36metres.古巴的世界跳高纪录保持者索托马约尔跳过了2.36米。biotechnics–应用生物学boom–suddenincreaseintradeactivityesp.atimewhenmoneyisbeingmadequickly商业之突然繁荣,尤指可迅速发财的商业繁荣时期WhydidtheriseofGMtechnologymeanboomtimesforbiotechcompanies?BecausebiotechcompaniesmadegreatbenefitsbytheproductionofGMfood.fallible–liabletoerrormucksth.about/aroundwith–spoilsth.byinterferingwithitSomeonehasbeenmuckingaboutwithmybicycle.Thepresident'swifedoesn'tmuckaroundwithpolicyorsitinonCabinetmeetings.总统夫人既没有乱干预政策，也没有列席内阁会议。windup–arriveorendupinaspecifiedstate,situation,orplace最终落得；(以…)告终KevinwoundupinNewYork.EuropeanUnion欧盟Sinceitscreationbysixfoundingmembersin1952,theEuropeanUnionhasattractedaconstantstreamofnewcomers,culminating(达到极点)initshistoricexpansionfrom15to27in2004and2007,whichunitedacontinentsplitbytheColdWarfor45years.AnyEuropeancountrycanjoin,providedithasastabledemocracythatguaranteestheruleoflaw,humanrightsandtheprotectionofminorities.ItmustalsohaveafunctioningmarketeconomyandacivilservicecapableofapplyingEUlawsinpractice.EUmembersandwhentheyjoined1952Belgium,France,Germany,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands1973Denmark,Ireland,UnitedKingdom1981Greece1986Portugal,Spain1995Austria,Finland,Sweden2004Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Malta,Poland,Slov