专题二 介词、介词短语和动词短语高考必备

1专题二介词、介词短语和动词短语知识清单介词、动词短语介词方位介词：above,across,along,among,around,at,below,beside,between,down时间介词：after,at,before,by,during,for,from,in,on,over,since,through,till,until,within表工具、手段、方式的介词：by,on,over,with,in表示支持、反对的介词：with,for,from,of,over其他常用介词：besides,except,but,with,by,beyond,about,on,of等常用介词短语、搭配动词短语动词+介词：accountfor,actas,adaptto,addup,addto,adjustto,agreewith,agreeto,agreeon,aimat,appealto,approveof,belongto,benefitfrom,breakdown,breakoff,breakinto,breakthrough,burstinto,callfor,careabout,carefor,carryon,concentrateon,consistof,datefrom,dealwith,dependon,dowith,dreamof,enterfor,exchange…for，feedon，focuson，insiston,knowof,learnfrom,listento,longfor,lookafter,lookfor,lookinto,objectto,referto,resultfrom,resultin,runinto,sendfor,standfor,stickto,succeedin,sufferfrom,thinkabout,turnto,worryabout等动词+副词+介词：addupto,breakawayfrom,catchupwith,datebackto,dowellin,getdownto,getonwith,lookdownupon,lookforwardto,teamupwith等动词+名词+介词：catchsightof,doharmto,haveaneffecton,losesightof,makefunof,makeroomfor,makesentencewith,makeuseof,payattentionto,playapartin,playarolein,playatrickon,setanexampleto,showinterestin,showrespectfor,takeamessagefor,takeadvantageof,takecareof,takenoticeof,takepartin,taketheplaceof等2考点清单考点一介词及介词短语一、介词的分类（1）表示空间关系的介词at,(a)round,by,on,in,under,over,above,below,behind,infrontof,inside,outside,beside,among,nearto,awayfrom,off,beyond,past,up,across,opposite（2）表示时间的介词At,on,in,between,since,for,during,until,till,by,after,before,from…to（3）表示方式、方法、手段介词With/in/by用（表示行为的工具、手段或方式）By/in/on用，乘（表示旅行的方式）（4）表示方向的介词to,at,from,into,outof,along,(a)round,for,off（5）环绕，围绕Above,over（6）表示“除……以外”的介词Except,besides,but,otherthan(=except),apart/asidefrom（7）表示“关于”的介词on,about,of（8）表示“具有”“没有”的介词With,without（9）表示“原因”的介词Becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,asaresultof,with,for,at,of（10）表示“代替”的介词Insteadof,inplaceof二、常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配（1）at+n.表示状态ataloss不知所措atbreakfast早餐时atpeace处于和平中atrest静止，不动atsea在海上，航海atwar在战争中atwork在工作（2）at+n.表示时间atChrismas在圣诞节atdusk在黄昏atdawn在黎明atdaybreak在拂晓atmidnight在午夜atnight在夜里atnoon在正午atpresent目前atsunrise日出时（3）以at开头组成的短语atthebeginningof在……的开始atthecostof以……的代价31.Addadd……to把……加到……上面addto增添addupto加起来总共addup把……加起来2.AgreeAgreeon就……达成共识Agreeto同意Agreewith同意，适合，和……一致3.BreakBreakawayfrom脱离，突然挣脱Breakdown失败，被搞垮，分解，（机器或车辆等）出故障，坏掉Breakinto强行闯入Breakinon打断，搅扰Breakout爆发Breakup解散Breakoff停顿，中断Breakthrough突破4.BringBringabout引起，造成Bringdown使倒下；降低（价格）Bringin赚得Bringon引起，导致Bringsthon促使（作物、水果等）生长Bringout阐明Bringup抚养；呕吐Bringforward提出Bringsthforward将（……的日期或时间）提前5.CallCallfor需要；需求Callinonsb=dropinonsb，callinatsb=dropinatsb顺便拜访某人Callin找来，请来；召集Calloff取消Callupon请/叫（某人做某事）Callon号召Callout喊，叫Callup使想起某事物，使回忆起某物6.CareCarefor在意，关心；照顾，照料Wouldyoucareforsth=Wouldyoulikesth（礼貌用语）你喜欢/要……吗？Careabout关心，关怀7.CarryCarryon进行；继续进行下去Carryout完成；履行Carrysththrough=completesthsuccessfully顺利完成，顺利实现8.CatchCatchfire=starttoburn着火Catchone’sbreath恢复正常呼吸Catchone’seye/attention引起某人的注意Catchon=understand理解Becaughtin=bestuckin被困住Getcaughtin=behookedin被钩住Catchsightof看见Catchupwith赶上9.CheckCheckin（在旅馆、机场等）登记Checkinone’sluggage（托运）行李Checkout结账离开（旅馆等）10.ComeCometrue变成现实Comeabout发生Comeacross（无意中）碰到，找到；被理解，被弄懂Comeon快点儿4Comeout出版；开花；考试结果……，考第……名Comeoutwith说出（尤指令人吃惊或粗鲁的话）Whenitcomesto谈到，涉及Sth/sbcometolight被发现，被大家知道Comeup被提及Comeupwith提出Cometooneself苏醒过来Cometoanend结束Comeintoeffect/force开始生效Cometoaconclusion/decision得出结论/作出决定Comeintobeing/existence开始存在，成立，产生Cometopower开始执政11.CutCutsthoff切断，切下来Cutout（马达或发动机）突然熄火，停止运转；戒掉，不吃Cutup切碎Cutdown砍倒Cutsthdown削减，减少Cutthrough开辟（出路或通道）12.DieDieaway/down（指风、声、光等）逐渐减弱，逐渐平息Dieout灭绝，不复存在Diefor极度渴望13.DoDoup包，扎，系，捆；整理，收拾Dooneselfup梳妆打扮Doawaywith废除Doharmtosb.对……有害Dogoodtosb.对……有好处Dowithout（sb./with）（尤与can或could连用）不用或没有某人/某物也行Havesomething/nothing/alottodowith与……有些/没有/有很大关系14.EndEndupwith以……告终Endupsthwithsth以……结束Endup最后（有某种结局/成了）Endin以……告终，结果是……15.FallFallbehind落后于Fallinlovewith爱上，喜欢上Falldown不能令人满意，不够好Fallinto=bedividedinto被分成Fallinwith=agreewith赞同16.FixFixthedatefor约定……的日期Fixone’sattentionon注意17.GetGetback回来，取回Getup起床，起身Getsbthrough给……接通电话Getthrough用完；通过；做完Getround消息传开Getalong/onwith（与某人）和睦相处Getawayfrom摆脱Getdownto开始认真做某事Getover克服，摆脱（某种情绪）Getridof摆脱，去掉Getin收集或收获某物Getacross被理解；把……讲清楚Getawaywithit侥幸逃脱18.GiveGiveaway捐赠，赠送；泄露，暴露Giveinto勉强同意5Giveoff散发出Giveout分发