名词和代词

第一讲名词和代词Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Review五种基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）练一练1.这所房子花了我一大笔钱。(cost)2.昨天的大雨使得我们没能踢球。(prevent…from)3.日本位于中国的东部。(lie)4.在业余时间里，他专心致志的学习。(devote)5.你每天花多少时间上网？(spend)Ｔｉｐｓ：１.Thehousecostmealargesumofmoney.２．Therainpreventedmefromplayingbasketballyesterday.３．JapanliestotheeastofChina.４．Hedevotedhimselftostudyinthesparetime.５．Howmuchtimedoyouspendontheinterneteveryday?contents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词CountableNoun3.不可数名词UncountableNoun4.名词的所有格PossessiveCase5.名词的句法功能SyntacticFunctionofNoun6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词1.概述大类次类例词ProperNounJohn,London,MexicoCommonNounCountableNounIndividualNounmap,box,storyCollectiveNounpeople,family,committee,cattle,mankind,policeUncountableNounMaterialNounwater,metal,ice,teaAbstractNounhonesty,happiness1.Thestormhascaused____tothisregion.A.manydamagesB.muchdamagesC.muchdamageD.fewdamages2.Successinlifeisnot_____youmake.A.whatmoneyB.howmanymoneyC.howmuchmoneyD.whatamountofmoney3.In10years’timeallthoseyoungsterswillbecome_____.A.grown-upB.grown-upsC.growns-upsD.growns-upACB4.Adozeneggs____$5nowadays.A.hascostB.costsC.costD.arecost5.LastSundaymyfamilywentto_____.A.theChild’sParkB.theChildren’sParkC.theChildren’sParksD.theChildrens’Park6.Allthe______inhospitalwillgetarisetomorrow.A.women-doctorsB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorsD.doctorsofwomenBBCcontents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词CountableNoun3.不可数名词UncountableNoun4.名词的所有格PossessiveCase5.名词的句法功能SyntacticFunctionofNoun6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词2.CountableNoun个体名词IndividualNoun集合名词CollectiveNoun单数SingularNumber复数PluralNumberRegularNounIrregularNoun可数名词复数的构成法（Ｐ２３４）拓展：１.以Ｏ结尾，部分加ｅｓ（黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。）２.以ｆ／ｆｅ结尾的（贼的妻子用半条叶子刀，要了架子上那条狼的命。）sｃａｒｆ，ｈａｎｄｋｅｒｃｈｉｅｆ继续拓展－－复合名词变复数１.一般情况下，将核心词汇变成复数即可e.g.passers-by，mothers-in-law,assistantdirectors，girlfriendsPoliceofficers,matchboxes,flowershops,fryingpans,lookers-on２．含man或woman的词组，各部分名词都要变成复数e.g.menservants，womendrivers，men-teachers,３．如果核心词为动词，则在最末尾加ｓforget-me-nots，go-betweens,make-ups名词复数的特殊情况（Ｐ２３５）contents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词CountableNoun3.不可数名词UncountableNoun4.名词的所有格PossessiveCase5.名词的句法功能SyntacticFunctionofNoun6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词Examples1.Ihavetoget_____aboutthesubjectbeforeIwritethepaper.A.afewmoreinformationsBafewmoreinformationC.alittlemoreinformationD.alittlemoreinformations2.Thesittingroomwouldbemuchimprovedifyouput____inthatcorner.A.afurnitureB.furnituresC.ApieceoffurnitureD.furnitureofpiece3.Didyouhavetopay____onthosetapes?A.customB.customsC.acustomD.twocustom4.Weshouldkeep____wherechildrencan’tgetthem.A.medicinesB.medicineC.amedicineD.medicines3.UncountableNounWhatcantheybemodifiedby?Answer:1）byUnitnoun单位词e.g.apiece(bottle,heap,bagetc.)of；2）MeasureNoun度量词e.g.kilo,ton,meter,literetc.部分不可数名词加-s后，意思发生变化。e.g.air,arm,custom,force,good,work,paper,water,people,manner,etc.contents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词CountableNoun3.不可数名词UncountableNoun4.名词的所有格PossessiveCase5.名词的句法功能SyntacticFunctionofNoun6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词名词所有格3种表达方式：-’s所有格，of所有格和双重所有格。-’s所有格的变化规则：1.一般直接+’se.g.Lily’s,Mary’s2.以s或es结尾的复数名词加’，单数名词可加’，也加’s,如：theboss’s/boss’hat,theboys’father3.由and连接的两个或多个名词共同拥有某物，最后一个名词变为所有格形式，若是各自所有，则每个名词都变成所有格形式如：MaryandLily’srooms,Mary’sandLily’srooms4.表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常省略它所修饰的名词。如：atthedoctor’s(office),tomysister’s(home),atthebookseller’s(store)拓展：复合名词的所有格在最后一个词的词尾加-’sherson-in-law’sbook,theeditor-in-chief’soffice,agrown-up’sstory名词的所有格PossessiveCase“‘”+s表示国家、城市等地方的名词，以及表示时间、距离、度量及金钱等的名词，虽是无生命的，但是也可以用以上形式，表示所有或修饰关系。e.g.atwoweeks’holiday,theworkers’libraryof+n.e.g.thelegofthetable,theworksofMarkTwain双重所属格DoublePossessive，即n.+of+n所有格.e.g.afriendofmybrother’sarelativeofMr.Green’sPossessiveCase名词所有格的绝对形式NominalPossessiveCase用于代替前面提到过后东西，相当于一个名词性的物主代词e.g.ThesebooksareMary’s.myuncle’s,thebarber’sthechemist’stheSmith’s(表示家，商店或其他有关人士的处所)姓氏+-s表示“全家”，e.g.theSmiths史密斯全家(问：如果姓氏是以S或X结尾，肿么办？如James，Marx)contents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词CountableNoun3.不可数名词UncountableNoun4.名词的所有格PossessiveCase5.名词的句法功能SyntacticFunctionofNoun6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词Exercises:1.Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand____aresillachingnow.A)myleg'smusclesB)mymusclesoflegC)mylegmusclesD)mymusclesoftheleg2.Thenewspapersaysthatthegoalof_____hasbeenreached.A)thefiveyearplanB)thefive-yearplanC)five-yearsplanD)thefiveyear’splan3.It’sahardjobforaprimaryschoolstudenttowrite___composition.A)anine-thousand-wordsB)anine-thousandwordsC)anine-thousand-wordD)aninethousandwords4.Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplotthe____moviecouldnotholdourattention.A)three-hoursB)three-hourC)three-hours'D)three-hour'sSyntacticFunction作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、介词宾语和同位语Appositive）等成份。充当状语，大多表示时间、距离、重量、价格、温度和倍数等。SyntacticFunction作定语。一个名词直接修饰另一个名词，表示材料、用途或内容等e.g.abloodtype,abusdriver,acolorfilm名词+-ed或名词、形容词、数词组成复合词再修饰或限定后边的名词，e.g.thebig-eyedboy,awarm-heartedperson;thefast-pacedmodernlife;athree-weekholiday名词作定语与其加-ed的形式作定语不同：前者表示性质，后者表示特征，e.g.acolorT.V.彩电acoloredT.V.彩色的电视机contents一、名词1.概述2.可数名词(CountableNoun)3.不可数名词(UncountableNoun)4.名词的所有格(PossessiveCase)5.名词的句法功能(SyntacticFunctionofNoun)6.需要注意的两个问题二、代词Examples1.Thenewspaperdidn'tmentionthe___ofthedamagecausedbythefire.A)rangeB)levelC)extentD)quantity2.Somepeoplewou