祈使句语法及练习题

祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。（2）Be+n./adj.Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！（3）Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！4.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。5.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won'tyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?请把门打开，好吗？(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。Don'tbelateagain,willyou?别再迟到了，行不行？(3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?我们把电视打开，好吗？特别注意只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shallwe，而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won'tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？祈使句专项练习一.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting._________________(not,be)late.2.________________(not,make)anynise!Yourmotherissleeping.3.________________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_________(be)polite.4.________________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.5._______________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.________________(look)out!Acariscoming.7._______________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8.________________(not,let)thebabycry.9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold.10.Let’s_______________(not,say)anythingaboutit.二、单项选择1.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit2._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don'ttobeB.Don'tbeC.NotbeD.Benot3.___crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Doesn'tD.Don't4.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe5.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,______?A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallweD.doyou6.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood7.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing8.________methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell9.I'vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.NameB.namedC.namingD.toname10.Don'tyouknowthat__isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims11.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard”AStopBDon’tCCan’tDNo12.Sindy,________tobehereat8o’clockAissureBissurethatCwillbesureDbesure13.________whenyoucrosstheroad.ADocareBCareCDobecarefulDTobecareful14.________himthesecret,willyou?ADon’ttellBNottotellCNottellingDNotelling15.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.ANottoreadBDon’treadCDon’ttoreadDNotread16.________Yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.ANottoworryaboutBDon’tworryaboutCNotworryforDDon’tworrywith17.Theyareverytired.Why________havearest?AnottheyBdonottheyCdon’ttheyDnotto18--Youlookrathertired.________stoppingtohavearest?--Allright.AWhynotBHowaboutCWhynottoDwhydon’t19______tellalie.AHardlyBNotCNoDNever20.Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.AnotBdon’tCaren’tDcan’t三、句型转换1.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?（改为祈使句）_______________againmoreslowly,please.2.Ifyoudon'tlistentome,I'llgo.（改为同义句）________________me,orI’llgo.3.Let'swatchthesportsgames.（改为反意疑问句）Let'swatchthesportsgames,____________?4.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.（改为祈使句）______________careless,please.5.PleasesitnexttoNancy.（改为否定句）______________nexttoNancy.6.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.（改为反意疑问句）Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,______________?7.Ifyoumove,you'lldie.（改为同义句）_____________,oryou'lldie.8.Cometomyhousetomorrow.（改为反意疑问句）Cometomyhousetomorrow,______________?9.这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）Thisisa________________.10.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Let’sgoandhelpthe______________,please.四、将下列汉语翻译成英语。1.请照看好您的包。___________________________________________.2.让我们去学校吧!____________________________________________!3.亲爱的,高兴点儿!____________________________________________!4.不要把书放这儿。____________________________________________.5.不要让猫进来。____________________________________________.参考答案一、填空题1.Dont’tbe2.Dont’tmake3.Dont’tspeakbe4.Don’ttalkread5.Don’tleave6.Look7.Give8.Don’tlet9.catch10.not_say二、单选题1-5.ABDBA6-10.CADBB11-15BADAD16-20BDADB三、句型转换1.Readit2.Listento3.shallwe4.Don’tbe5.Don’tsit6.willyou7.Don’tmove8.will/won’tyou9.brokenglass/cup10.cryinggirl四、翻译Key:1.Pleaselookafteryourbag.2.Let'sgotoschool.3.Beglad,dear4.Don'tputthebookhere.5.Don'tletthecatcomein/Letthecatnotcomein