英语字母读音规则

1英语国际音标表一、英语字母发音表Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[d3i:]Hh[eit∫]Ii[ai]Jj[d3ei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əu]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[ɑ:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′dʌblju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]二、英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）辅音（28个）轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/轻辅音/ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/浊辅音/ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/j//w/边音/ǀ/长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ə://i://u:/短元音/ʌ//ɔ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/2三、什么叫音节？音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m][n][ŋ][l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。四、如何划分音节？①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-termem-berchil-drendaugh-ter②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音pa-perstu-dentfa-therze-romo-torfar-ther短音sev-enstud-ymoth-erver-ymod-leweath-er五、什么是重读音节？重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。六、什么叫开音节？开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：noshesohi3②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：namethesebikehomeex-cuse.七、什么叫闭音节？单个元音字母后面有辅字组（rwy除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bageggfishnotcup八、英语单词拼读规则1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycakedate在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinesebeshe在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[əʊ]thoseclosegonotehomeno在闭音节中[ɔ]clocknotboxshopshockhotu在开音节中[ju:]excusedutytunecutefumehuge在闭音节中[ʌ]buscupjumpmuchlunchnut2.元音字母在非重读音节中的读音a[ə]China['tʃainə]another[ə'nʌðə]woman['wumən]breakfast['brekfəst][i]orange['ɔrindʒ]comrade['kɔmrid]village['vilidʒ]cabbage['kæbidʒ]e[ə]hundred['hʌndrəd]student['stju:dənt]open['əupən]children['tʃildrən][i]chicken['tʃikin]pocket['pɔkit]begin[bi'ɡin]semester[si'mestə]4i[ə]holiday['hɔlədi]beautiful['bju:ti/əful]family['fæmə/ili]animal['æni/əməl][ai]exercise['eksəsaiz]satellite['sætəlait]o[ə]second['sekənd]tonight[tə'nait]welcome['welkəm][əu]also['ɔ:lsəu]zero['ziərəu,'zi:rəu]photo['fəutəu]u[ə]autumn['ɔ:təm]difficult['difikəlt]support[sə'pɔ:t][ju]popular['pɔpjulə]January['dʒænjuəri]3.元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a在[w]音后面读[ɔ]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前读[ɑ:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld-gh前读[ai]findbindmindchildmildlighthighfighto在-st-ld前读[əu]mosthostpostcardoldcoldsoldholdo在mnvth前读[ʌ]comemonkeylovemother4.-r音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音ar[ɑ:]carfarmdarksharplargear在[w]音后面读[ɔ:]warmquarter['kwɔ:tə]toward[tə'wɔ:d]or[ɔ:]fortymorningshortsportnorthor在[w]音后面读[ə:]wordworkerworseworldwormerirur[ə:]certainly['sə:tənli]termbirdsirThursdaynurse5.-re音节元音字母在重读音节中的读音are[εə]caredarehareparebarewareere[iə]heremeresereire[aiə]firehirewiretirediresireore[ɔ:]morescorebeforeporeure[juə]purecurelure6.元音字母在重读音节中的读音ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplaywaysay5air[εə]airhairchairpairrepairfairal[ɔ:l]smallballtalkwallallalwaysalsosaltalmostal在fm前[ɑ:]halfcalmpalmbalmau/aw[ɔ:]autumndaughterdrawsawpawrawea[i:]teacheasycheappleaseseatreach[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatsteakear[iə]heardearnearclearyearseartear[εə]bearpearwearswear[ə:]earthlearnearlypearlsearchee[i:]eepweekgreenthreetreeneedeer[iə]pioneerdeerbeerpeerveerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourtheyley[i:]eitherkeyew[ju:]newfewnewspaperpewmew在jlr后[u:]flewbrewcrewdrewjewelryoa[əu]oatJoanboatgoalcoatcoaloar/oor[ɔ:]roarboardaboardabroadblackboarddoorfloormooroi/oy[ɔi]noisepointcoinmoisttoiletboytoysoyjoyfulooI.重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),room(房间)等;II.在辅音字母f,l,m,n,s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等.有一个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);III.在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),特例词:foot[u](脚);IV.字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。如:good(好),book(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);V.在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;6VI.在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[ʌ]的音。如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.ou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdownmouthmountainallowsoundbrow[əu]knowrowthrowthoughfollowbelow[ʌ]youngcountryenoughtough[u:]groupsoupour[ɔ:]courseyourfourpour[auə]ourhourourssourui在jlrs后[ju:i]/[jui]/[u:i]tuition[tju:'iʃən]suicide['sjuisaid]fluid[flu(:)id][u:]juicefruitsuit7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkeyow[əu]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[ʃən]impression[im'preʃən]congressionalnationemotion-sion在元音字母后[ʒən]vision['viʒən]decisionoccasionconfusion-tion在s后[tʃən]question['kwestʃən]suggestion[səɡ'dʒestʃən]-sten[sn]listen-stle[sl]whistle-sure[ʒə]pleasuremeasuretreasureleisure-ture[tʃə]pictureculturefuturelecture8、辅音字母的读音b[b]bikebusbagBible在m后不发音[/]bombtombcombc[k]cakepicturecoatmusicc在e前或在i/y前[s]facedecidecinemacyclepiece7ch[tʃ]muchchickrichteachercheckwatchcatchChina[k]schoolheadachechemistrytechnology[ʃ]machine[mə'ʃi:n]Chicago[ʃi'kɑ:ɡəu]-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge[dʒ]bridgefridgeknowledgeedgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrinkdramadrawf[f]fivefourbreakfastfrustrategg在e/i/y前[dʒ]generalmanagemanaginggymgyp在a,o,前[g]baggardenguidegoldgogh[f]coughenoughroughlaughtough有时不发音[/]lightdaughterhighfightsightgu-/-gue[g]guessleaguedialogueguitarguideh[h]headhousehandhothundred在o前面有时不发音[/]hourhonesthonorj[dʒ]jeepjarjokejoinJulyjamk[k]kindbikes