英语：定语从句基础课件22

定语从句定语从句在句中相当于形容词，来修饰名词和代词作定语。从句的位置：在名词或代词后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系词:关系词的作用：(1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词在定语从句中作主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语或主语定语状语状语状语在从句中作宾语可省去时间地点原因先行词为人物/人人物某人/某物的引导词关系代词关系副词whothatwhomwhichwhoseWhenWherewhy1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisherdaughter.3.Thegirl________motherisfromBritaincanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.who/that(whom/who/that)whosewhich/thatFillintheblankwithproperrelativepronoun:Theattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep.+whichTheattributiveclauseintroducedbyprep.+whomJointhesentence.Drawingisakindofart.Iknowlittleaboutdrawing.Drawingisakindofart(that/which)Iknowlittleabout.DrawingisakindofartaboutwhichIknowlittle.Thepersonismymathsteacher.Ilearnedalotfromtheperson.Mymathsteacheristheperson(whom/that)Ilearnedalotfrom.MymathsteacheristhepersonfromwhomIlearnedalot.1.关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用whom指人，which指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：Doyouknowtheboytowhomshewastalking?Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.1.Thisisthebook__________Ispent8yuan.2.Thisisthebook___________Ipaid8yuan.3.Iremembertheday_______________IjoinedtheLeague.4.Irememberthedays___________________Ilivedhere.5.Idon’tknowthereason_______________hewaslate.6.Shanghaiistheplace_______________hewasborn.onwhichforwhichonwhichduringwhichforwhich2.介词的选用原则:根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配或介词短语.形容词的习惯搭配来决定，也可根据句子意思来决定。/when/when/whyinwhich/where①这是我正在找的手表。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.②那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareallveryhealthy.√×√×3.有的短语动词与介词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。4.“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.1.Thiswastheknife_________hecutdownthetree.2.Tomistheperson_________IoftenturnforhelpwhenIamintrouble.3.TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Heistheperson__________Iwillbuyagift.4.We’llvisitthebeautifulvillage___________Marycomes.5.Thisisthebuilding______________standsatalltree.towhomforwhomwithwhichinfrontofwhichbehindwhichfromwhichFillingintheblanks:关系副词1.关系副词where引导的定语从句,其先行词是表示地点的名词,where在从句中作地点状语.Thevillagehasbecomeabigtownwherewelivedtenyearsago.TherearemanycaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.2.关系副词when引导的定语从句,其先行词是表示时间的名词,when在从句中作时间状语.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.IthappenedatatimewhenIleastexpectedit.3.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词常为表示原因的名词.(=forwhich)Nooneknowsthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeeting.Wecan’taccepttheexcusewhyyouwerewrong.一.关系代词与关系副词的区别1).a.Thereason_______hemissedthespeechisthatheforgotthetime.b.Thereason_____________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2).a.I’llneverforgettheday____________wespenttogetherinParis.b.I’llremembertheday________westayedtogetheratthattime.why(which/that)when(which/that)Practice3).a.Isthisthefactory______________wevisitedlastyear?b.Isthisthehouse_________Lincolnoncelived?c.Isthishouse________wevisitedlastyear?(which/that)where解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作状语,就用where,when,why等关系副词；若是作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词that,which,whom,whose等。theone1)Youcantakeanyseatisfree．A．whichB.whereC.thatD．inwhich2)Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacher．A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.ofwho3)Theschool____hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.A.thatB.whichC.inthatD.inwhich4)Canyourememberthenameofthefactory____youvisitedlastyear?A.whatB.whereC.whenD.CCLet’shaveatryDD1).Thisisthereason________________helefthishometown.2).I’llneverforgettheday_______________westayedtogether3).Thisisthegirl_____________Ilearnedthenews.4).Thisisthegirl_____istakengoodcare___inthehospital.5).I’llshowyouastore_______________youmaybuyallthatyouneed.6).Idon’tliketheway_____________youlaughedather.forwhich/whyonwhich/whenfromwhomofinwhich/whereinwhich/thatwho二.介词与关系代词()1.先行词为人,关系代词用whom;先行词为物,关系代词用which;2.还原法（把句子拆分成两句）来判断出用什么介词，也可以看出固定意义的动词短语,介词不能提前。3.关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：where,when,why=介词+which解题点拨：1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_______wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof______wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof______thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses解题点拨:是否有并列连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhomwhichhim易混句型1.定语从句与并列句2.定语从句与状语从句1).a.Thisissuchabigstone____noonecanliftit.b.Thisissuchabigstone____noonecanlift.2).a.Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer_______________hecaneasilyfindit.b.Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.解题点拨:(1)状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。(2)句which引导的是定语从句修饰名词drawer,而where引导的是地点状语修饰动词put。that/inwhichaswherewherePracticeFillintheblankswithproperwords:1)Hestilllivesinthehouse______windowfacestothesouth.2)Hestilllivesinthehouse_______thewindowfacestoth