中北大学研究生英语期末考试1

1翻译(1)科学科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。要了解科学在解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真正含义是什么。Scienceisakindofknowledgewhichisaveryusefultoolinsolvingthetechnicalproblemsofindustry,agriculture,warfareandmedicine.Tounderstandthewidthanddepthtowhichsciencecanbeappliedtothematerialandspiritualproblemsthatconfrontindividualsandnationsrequiresandunderstandingofwhatsciencereallyis.科学一词来自拉丁语Scire,它的意思是“知道”。所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。我们要了解的艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度的分属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。Thewordsciencecomestousfromalatinword,scire,whichmeans“toknow”.Then,inabroadsense,scienceissimplywhatweknow;thetotalofallhumanknowledge.Butthedefinitionofscienceasallhumanknowledgewouldnotbeaworkableone,foritisobviousthattherearedifferenttypesofknowledge.Thekindsdifferaccordingtohowtheknowledgewasobtained,andalsoaccordingtowhatframeofexperienceitfits.Whatweknowofthearts,literature,law,religion,andtechnicalknowaremoreorlessseparatefundsofinformation.Theyhavelittletodowithwhatwecommonlycallscience.科学也称为自然科学，以区别于其他知识门类。科学和自然界有关，也就是说和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界，它精辟的阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念Scienceisalsocallednaturalsciencetodistinguishitformotherbranchesoflearning.Scienceisconcernedwithnature,thatis,withknowledgeofthecharacteristicsandoperationsofanyallnaturalthingsandhappenings.Scienceembracesallofnature,andexpressespreciselyabouthownaturalphenomenaarerelatedtoeachotherandaretobeformedintowhatiscalledtheuniverse.科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得仔细的考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法――科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。Sciencehasmanycharacteristics,andtounderstandwhatscienceisrequiresadetailedexaminationofthesepropertiesandpeculiarities.Anumberofwritershaveassertedthatscienceisonlyamethodinfact–thescientificmethod.Suchadefinitionisanoversimplification,butitiscertainthatthescientificmethodplaysanimportantroleindeterminingthenatureofscientificknowledge.翻译（2）广告许多人声称自己从来不看广告，但此类说法让人难以置信。在当今世界里，不看广告几乎做不到的。想想看，广告给我们带来多少乐趣！想象一下，假如汽车站或是火车站里没有广告会是怎样一种情形？等车时无奈地盯着空白的墙面能让你感到快乐么？一条明快的、妙语连珠的广告会使单调的墙壁和报纸发生什么样的变化？我们也不能忘记，广告对我们的腰包也有积极的贡献。报社、广播和电视台如果没有广告收入怎能生存？事实上，我们花这么少的钱就能看报纸，或是欣赏五花八门的广播和电视节目，完全是因为广告商出资的缘故。设想一下，如果全部费用由读者承担，那报纸该卖是卖价？还有一样我们不能忘记，那就是几乎一切都可以通过这些栏目完成，如：找工作、买房卖房、告知出生、结婚、逝世等，这是广告中的广告。Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,Butthisclaimishardlybelievable.incurrentworldItisalmostimpossibletoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Justthinkwhatfuntheyoftenprovide!Imagewhatabusandrailwaystationwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazinghelplesslyatablankwallwhilewaitingforabusortrain?Wouldyouliketoreadadailypaperclosely-printedwithcolumnsofnews?Acheerful,wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwallornewspaper.Wealsocannotforgetthatadvertisementmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,radioortelevisionstationscouldnotsubsistwithoutthisadvertisedsourceofrevenue.Infact,wepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanyprogramsonairisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspapercostispayedbyreader.Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperwhatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justabouteverythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns,forinstance;youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeath.It’stheadvertisementamongtheadvertisements.第一单元CloseA完形Thehumanitiesarenotameredevicebutaformofknowledge.~1achievement2sense3influence4without5something6except7interested8surface9liking10choosing11gratify12temptation13despite14neglected15phenomenon16ingrained17intellectual18explore19concern20insight21reasons22acquired23possession24part25terms第三单元CloseA完形Modernadvertisingisaformofmagic,whichcreatesaPromisedland.~1habit2promised3techniques4place5works6appeal7communal8feeling9notion10industry11connection12turnover13goes14surveys15establish16cost17alone18potential19geared20word第四单元CloseA完形Whatisjazz?Jazzisvigorous~1musical2freedom3therefore4to5perspective6gave7source8foundation9language10methods11replace12spread13maturity14audience15alive16features17qualities18necessary19composed20symbol第六单元CloseA完形Thescientificstudyofmancanbetracedbacktoancienttimes~1combines2adaptation3indispensable4opposed5existing6lacked7defects8current9speculation10related11behavior12emphasize13testing14constantly15different16develop17derived18common19suffers20applicable第七单元CloseA完形Asthesocietybecomesmoreandmore~1affluent2declined3urgency4less5purchases6choose7releasing8source9granted10motivation11qualification12investment13access14regarded15material16quantitatively17neither18expending19occupation20whole第十一单元CloseA完形Forthousandsofyears,~1significance2symbolism3periods4oriented5aspect6effects7emotions8coherent9explain10imposes11reactions12independently13recurs14distant15context16sphere17proceeding18invasions19reference20distinguished21practical22feelings23affected24latter25relativity翻译（3）音乐会对一般经常去听音乐会的人来说，在伟大的音乐家中还很少有像柴可夫斯基（Tschaikovsky）这样如此让人着迷。几乎在所有的乐曲形式中都能找到他的深受人们欢迎的作品。这也确是理所当然的事。柴可夫斯基的音乐洋溢着温暖人心的博爱和激动