植物根系沙套的生态功能及其形成影响因素研究进展[1]

王瑾,王堃(,100094):生长在干旱沙化地区的禾本科植物的根系通常都具有沙套结构,沙套的形成是植物对干旱逆境环境的生理适应机制沙套的根-土界面对根系具有保水,防止流沙机械损伤和高温灼伤等功能,并使植物在沙化土壤不易倒伏目前研究认为沙套形成是由黏液根毛环境等因素共同作用的结果,但对于黏液的来源组分及与土壤颗粒的结合机制和形成沙套的主导因素还存在争议,值得进一步研究探明:沙套;生态功能;形成机理:Q948.1:A:10095500(2009)02008805(sandysheath)VolkensG[1],,,,,PriceRS[2]BuckleyR[3],,sandysheathBaileyG[4]1997130,107,,,[5],[6],[7],sandysheathrhizosheath,1,:20080724:973(2007CB106805):(1985),,,VolkensG[1]1887,,McCully199915cm30cm[8],,,,,:(1),[9-11],,[12-14];(2)[15],,,,,BuckleyR[3],,;(3)-,,,[16-18];(4),,,,88GrasslandandTurf(Bimonthly)2009No.2(SumNo.133)[19,20];(5),,WullsteinLH[20]YoungIM[21],,;,[22-25]2,,,,,,,[8,26,27],,,,,,,2.12.1.1根系分泌黏液,,,,,[5];PriceRS[2],,,[2,28-31];VermeerJ[32],,BuckleyR[3]Zygochioaparadoxa,,,,;,,10~50m,,14mm,[8],WattM[16,33],,,McCullyME[34-36],,,,;,,,,,2.1.2微生物分泌的黏液,,,0.7%WullsteinLH[19],3%~8%,12%~25%,,OthmanAA[13]PanicumturgidumStipagroscoparia,,58%~97%,27%~57%,,Bacilluscirculans,PaenibmaceransAgrobacteriumRadiobacter,ChryseomonasluteolaEnterobacteragglomerans,,WullsteinLH[19],Oryzopsishymcnoiilcs,Agropyrondasyslachyum,S.comataAristidapurpurva,,,[12,37,38]8920092133,WattM[33],,,,,,2.2,77%[39],,PriceRS[2],,,;WattM[16],,,WullsteinLH[5]FysonA[40,41]O.hymenoides,,,,,;,,,,,McCullyME[36],PriceRS[2],,,,2.3,BaileyC[4]130,,,2.3.1水分,,[22,34,35,42],,,,,WattM[16],,,,20%1.5,9%5;,,,2.3.2土壤质地,IijimaM[30,31],,,;,,BaileyC[4],,3,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,90GrasslandandTurf(Bimonthly)2009No.2(SumNo.133),:[1]VolkensG.DiefloraderaegyptischarabischenwusteaufGrundlageanatomischphysiologishForschungen[M].Berlin:GebruderBorntraeger,1887:156.[2]PriceRS.TherootsofsomeNorthAfricandesertgrasses[J].NewPhytol,1911,10:328-339.[3]BuckleyR.Sandrhizosheathofanaridzonegrass[J].PlantSoil,1982,66:417-421.[4]BaileyC.ScholesM.RhizosheathoccurrenceinSouthAfricangrasses[J].SouthAfricanJournalofBotany,1997,63:484-490.[5]WullsteinLH.PrattSA.ScanningelectronmicroscopyofrhizosheathsofOryzopsishymenoides[J].AmerJBot,1981,68(3):409-419.[6]DoddJ,HeddleEM,PateJS,etal.Rootpatternsofsandplainandtheirfunctionalsignificance[M]//NedlandsWA.KwonganPlantLifeoftheSandplain.UniversityWestAustraliaPress,1984:284.[7]SprentJL.Adherenceofsandparticlestosoybeanrootsunderwaterstress[J].NewPhysiologist,1975,74:461-463.[8],.[J].,2007(4):55-56.[9]KislevB,KorachE,NegbiM.Mechanismofrootpenetrationofseedsgerminatingonsoilsurface[J].AnnualofBotany,1979,43:87-92.[10]EnnosRP.ThemechanismofanchorageinwheatTriticumaestivumL.!.Anchorageofmaturewheatagainstlodging[J].JournalofExperimentalBotany,1991,42:1607-1613.[11]VermaV,WorlandAJ,SayersEJ,etal.Identificationandcharacterizationofquantitativetraitlocirelatedtolodgingresistanceandassociatedtraitsinbreadwheat[J].PlantBreeding,2005,124:234-241..[12]AmalA,WafaaMA,FayezM,etal.RhizoshenthofSinaidesertplantsispotentialrepositoryforassociativediazotrophs[J].MicrobiologicalResearch,2004,159:259-293.[13]OthmanAA,AmerbWM,FayezaM,etal.Rhizosheathofsinaidesertplantsisapotentialrepositoryforassociativediazotrophs[J].MicrobiologicalResearch,2004,159:285-293.[14]BhatnagarA,BhatnagarM.Microbialdiversityindesertecosystems[J].CurrentScience,2005,89:91-100.[15],.[J].,1990(7):52-56.[16]WattM,McCullyME,CannyMJ.FormationandStabilizationofrhizosheathsofZeamays[J].PlantPhysiol,1994,106:179-186.[17]NambiarEKS.UptakeofZn65fromdrysoilbyplants[J].PlantandSoil,1976,44:267-271.[18]GrimalJY,FrossardE,MorelJL.Maizerootmucilagedecreasesadsorptionofphosphateongoethite[J].BiologyandFertilityofSoils,2001,33:226-230.[19]WullsteinLH,BrueningML,BollenWB.Nitrogenfixationassociatedwithsandgrainrootsheaths(Rhizosheaths)ofcertainxericgrasses[J].PhysiolPlantarum,1979,46:1-4.[20]WullsteinLH.Nitrogenfixation(acetylenereduction)associatedwithrhizosheathsofIndianricegrassusedinthestabilizationoftheSlickRock,ColoradoTailingsPile[J].JRangeManage,1980,33:204-206.[21]YoungIM.Variationinmoisturecontentsbetweenbulksoilandtherhizosheathofwheat[J].NewPhytol,1995,130:135-139.[22]BristowCE,CampbellGC.WullsteinLH,etal.WateruptakeandstoragebyrhizosheathsofOryropsishymenoides:anumericalsimulation[J].PhysiolPlant,1985,65:228-232.[23]WangXL,McCullyME,CannyMJ.FormationandstabilizationofrhizosheathinZeamaysL.effectofsoilwatercontent[J].PlantPhysiology,1994,106:179-186.[24]NorthGB,NobelPS.DroughtinducedchangesinsoilcontactandhydraulicconductivityforrootsofOpuntiaficusindiawithandwithoutrhizosheath[J].PlantandSoil,1997,191:249-258.[25]TaleisnikE,PeyranoG,AriasC.Waterretentioncapacityinrootsegmentsdifferinginthedegreeofexodermisdevelopment[J].AnnualofBotany,1999,83:19-27.[26],,,.[J].,2003,27:545-551.[27].[J].,2005,50:42-47.[28]CampbellR,RoviraAD.Thestudyoftherhizospherebyscanningelectronmicroscopy[J].SoilBiolBiochem,91200921331973,5:747-752.[29]RoviraAD.Plantrootexudatesandtheirinfluenceuponsoilmicroorganisms[M]//BakerKF,SnyderWC.Ecologyofsoilborneplantpathogens,preludetobiologicalcontrol.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,2001:170-186.[30]IijimaM,HiguchiT,BarlowPW.Contributionofrootcapmucilageandpresenceofanintactrootcapinmaizetothereductionofsoilmechanicalimpedance[J].AnnalsofBotany,2004,94