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句子成分主语谓语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语主语:是说明人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在句首。名词、代词、数词常在句中作主语。此外,动名词,动词不定式也可以作主语。例子:1)Mr.Chenisawell-knownscientist.(名词)2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词)3)Twoandsixiseight.(数词)4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词)5)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式)6)Whatweshalldoisnotdecided.(从句)谓语:说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember(实义动词)2)Herfatherisanengineer.(系动词)3)Itsmellsgreat.(?)宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般放在及物动词或介词之后。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词组或句子常用作动词宾语或介词宾语。此外动词不定式可用作动词宾语,动名词和宾语从句也可以用作动词宾语或介词宾语如:Hewrotemanyplays.他写了许多剧本。Shelovesswimming.她喜欢游泳。Shelooksathermother.她看着她妈妈。YouknowwhatIwant.你知道我要什么。宾语补足语:用来对宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾语补语,一般由名词、形容词、介词短语及动词不定式、分词等充当。Hetoldustostay.他叫我们留下。I’veneverseenherdancing.我从未看见过她跳舞。Ifounditdifficulttorefusehim.我感到很难拒绝他。Thenewsmakeherhappy.消息让她开心。表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语Becareful!小心!Helooksveryangry.他看上去很生气。Hisjobislookingaftersheep.他的任务是看羊。定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语时,通常放在他所修饰的名词之前,但在修饰复合不定代词(如:nothing,anything,everything,something等)时,则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词、非谓语动词、动词不定式、分词和定语从句及句子等充当。It’saninterestingstory.那是一个有趣的故事。Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有时间帮助我们吗?Whoisthewomancrying?正在哭的女人是谁?Sheisagirlwholovesflowers.她是个爱花的女孩。ThisisabookIboughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的书。状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等的成分是状语,修饰形容词的状语通常放在它所修饰的形容词之前,修饰动词的状语通常放在动词之后。但有些副词(如:always,often等)作状语时,则放在行为动词之前。一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、名词词组、动词不定式短语、分词短语或状语从句充当。如WelikeEnglishverymuch.我们非常喜欢英语。HerunclelivesinCanada.她叔叔住在加拿大。Maryrunsquickly.玛丽跑得很快。WhenIwin,Iwilljumpupanddown.(时间状语从句)Ifyouaresick,youmustgotoseeadoctor.(地点状语从句)详见课本P112和P113.同位语若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。ThisismyfriendHarry.这是我的朋友哈利。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.我们学生应该努力学习。Theboy,calledJack,wasbornin1999.叫杰克的男孩1999年出生。如何确定一个单词在句子中的词类和成分?在英语中,一个单词往往属于几种词类,因而词义和在句中的作用也就有所不同。在英译汉时,如何正确理解某词的词类、词义和作用;在汉译英时,如何正确使用某词表达某义,除了必要时查阅词典外,更重要的是要掌握正确的分析方法。----应根据一个词在句中的位置、与其他词的关系以及在句中的作用来确定其词类、词义和在句中的成分。(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCD⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCD⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCD⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCD⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.ABCD((四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.ABCD⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.D②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
本文标题:初中英语句子成分分析
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