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高三英语词汇归类总复习纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是对词汇的考查。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就有厚厚九本书(新版教材),两千多单词,数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复杂的语法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又漫无边际。怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果?下面就历届高考词汇考查频繁的内容,从语法、习语、辨析和拼写等四方面将语音、词汇、语法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇的归类总复习。一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)forget/rememberdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/remembertodo(忘记/记得要干的事)meandoing(意味着干…)meantodo(想干…)trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)(95高考)Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.“Well,nowIregret________that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone(92高考)Iusuallygotherebytrain.“Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)(87高考)Theywouldnotallowhim__acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskinggoingC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.(85高考)Thissentenceneeds_____________.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeupone‘smind,used,beabout,beable,have等。如:hepretended__mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,excape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,can\'thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。如:(92高考)Iwouldappreciate___backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.youarecalling(87高考)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch6.半系动词半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词:look,sound,taste,smell,feel(这些词用形容词作表语),seem,appear表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词:remain,keep,stay,stand,lie,可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,sound,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如:Heturnedteacher.)(91高考)Theseorangestaste____________.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell7.含被动意味的动词有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:Mypenwritessmoothly.我的笔好写。Oilburnseasily.油易燃烧。(88高考)Thatsuit_________over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostD.cost(97高考)Isthisraincoatyours?“No,mine____________therebehindthedoor.A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hungCanyouseethepicture___(挂)onthewall?8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃,作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时,意谓燃烧着的,作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓醉的,drunk多作表语,drunken多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lyinglie(躺,卧,位于),lay,lain,lying(89高考)Doyouknowtheboy____underthebigtree?A.layB.lainC.layingD.lyingThewoman,whowasbornin1940,hasbornefivechildren.二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关英语词汇的搭配十分活跃,复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有:innotime(立刻,马上),ontime(按时),intime(及时、迟早),atatime(一次),behindthetimes(落伍),behindtime(不及时,晚点),atonetime(曾经),foratime(一度),atothertimes(其它时候,平素)attimes(有时候),atalltimes(一直,经常)(93高考)Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceed_____________.A.intimeBatontime─────C.ontimeD.atthesametime(94高考)Don'tallspeakatonce!__,please.A.EachatontimeB.OnebyonetimeC.OneforeachtimeD.Oneatatime────────2.常用的搭配活跃的动词常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn一词:turnon(打开),turnoff(关上),turnup(放大音量等;出现),turndown(放小音量等;拒绝),turnin(上交),turnagainst(反对),turnout(生产),turnaway(避开)(81高考)Wouldyoumind____yourradioalittle?A.turnoffB.turningoffC.toturndownD.turningdown(92高考)Readerscan___quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getoutofC.getalongD.getoff3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on的搭配有:①on与动词的搭配geton(上车/船等),liveon(以…为生),feedon(以…为生),takeon(接受;雇用),turnonlookon(旁观)spyon(侦察/窥探),callon(号召;拜访)goon(继续)haveon(穿戴),dependon(依靠),waiton(侍候),carryon(执行),holdon(坚持),insiston(坚持),playtr-ickson(戏弄),fixon(注视),impresson(留下印象)②on与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍)onduty(值班),onbusiness(因公;因事),onfire(燃烧),onshow(展览),ontime(准时),onstrike(罢工),onwatch(监视,观察),onsale(出售;大减价),onearth(到底,究竟),onjourney(旅游),onfoot(步行),onpurpose(故意),ontheway(在路上),onthecontrary(相反),ononehand(一方面),ontheright(在右边),onthewhole(总而言之),onone\'sown(独自),onone\'sside(支持,站在某一方),onholiday/leave(度假/请假)③其它情况lateron(后来),fromnow/thenon(从现在/那时起),onaccountof(由于,因为)(93高考)Weofferedhimourcongratulations_______hispassingthecollegeen
本文标题:高三英语课件:词汇归类
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