初中英语中考语法：形容词和副词总结归纳

形容词和副词Adjective&AdverbI本章要点1.形容词的用法。2.副词的用法。3.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级和同级比较。4.与形容词副词有关的其他知识点。II语法点分述一、形容词用法1.形容词的位置与顺序a.形容词充当的成分在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。Thisbikeisexpensive.形容词作________Sheisagoodstudent,andsheworkshard.形容词作________MyteacheralwaysmakesherEnglishclassinteresting.形容词作________b.形容词的顺序(1)县官行令杀国才。县→限定词；官→外观(大小、长短和高低)；行→形状；令→年龄（新旧）；杀→颜色；国→国籍；才→材料。(2)美小圆旧黄，法国木书房（主观在前，客观在后）★小试身手★1)一件昂贵的俄国产的棕色皮大衣2)一条可爱的丹麦的小美人鱼3)Onedaytheycrossedthe_______bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold4)一根爷爷传给我的长长的棕色的波斯木纹手杖AlongbrownPersianwoodenwalkingstickfrommygrandpa(老师可自选补充)a.特殊形容词的位置(1)形容词修饰不定代词时放在后面。Ihadinitiallythoughtthattherewouldbenothingseriousbecauseitwasfairlycommonforanoldmantocatchillness.本来我以为没什么大问题的,毕竟人老了,有病痛是在所难免的。(2)well,ill等表达健康状况、情感类形容词只作表语，不做定语。Heisanillman.（定语）邪恶的Heisill.（表语）生病的Ihavebeenwellrecently.Icantakecareofmyself.这段时间我身体很健康。我可以自己照顾自己。(3)带有前缀-a的表语形容词★小试身手★living/alive1)Thosepassengersarestill______.2)Ihaveneverseena______manonmywayhere.asleep/sleeping/awake3)AslongashesitsinfrontoftheTV,hecanfall______.4)Hush!Don’tawakenthe______dog!5)Ifyoukeep______for3days,youmightdie.alone/lonely6)Helives______butheneverfeels______.7)Ahutstood______onthetopofthehill.8)Sheis______.It’sagoodtimetotakeaction!2.-ed形容词与-ing形容词：interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的带有前缀“a-”这类形容词只作表语不做定语，比如alike,alive,asleep,awake,alone。令人惊奇的感到好奇的moving令人感动的moved感动的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的terrifying令人恐惧的terrified感到恐惧的令人困惑不解的感到困惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的tiring令人厌倦的tired感到厌烦的令人惊讶的感到惊讶的boring令人讨厌的bored感到厌烦的令人兴奋的感到激动的touching触动人心的touched感动的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的astonishing令人惊呆的astonished惊呆的★小试身手★1)Longlongago,therewasan______(interest)mancalledEffendi(阿凡提).2)Hewasso______(bore)thathewenttosleep.3)Therewasan______(excite)expressiononhisfacewhenheheardthegoodnews.二、副词的用法副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。1.特殊副词的位置他们有足够的现金买一张单程票。that,sentences,for,believe,tough,you,present,criminals,are,do,at,enough?(连词成句)★真题试炼★1)JanecanspeakEnglish_______.ShewantstoworkfortheSpecialOlympicGames.A.correctB.niceC.sweetD.well2)EveryonelikesKevinbecausehetalkstoothers_______.A.friendlyB.lovelyC.politelyD.luckily3)Thebabyfeels_______whilehismotherholdshiminherarms.A.saveB.safeC.safelyD.safety4)MyoldneighbourCharlesfelt_______afterhischildrenmovedout．A.lonelyB.safelyC.angrilyD.happily♥Attention♥一般形容词后加-ly可以构成副词，但有些副词和形容词同形，比如：hard,late,early,high,fast,far,deep等，这些词后面有没有-ly意思不同。尝试写出下列副词的意思：a.enough修饰名词是形容词，放在名词前，修饰形容词和副词是副词，放在它们的后面。hardhardlylatelatelyhighhighlydeepdeeply★小试身手★1)hardvs.hardlyWethoughtlongand_______beforedecidingtomovehouse.2)latevs.lately_______thatevening,therewasaknockatthedoor.3)highvs.highlyItis_______unlikelythatshe'llbelate.4)deepvs.deeplyTheysatandtalked_______intothenight.三、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级1.同级比较a.as+形容词/副词原级+as的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样。他几乎像他姐姐一样勤奋。Hewasalmostasdiligentashissister．b.在否定句中，用notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as结构，表示前者不如后者。用于两者之间的同级比较，表示“…和…一样”，其句型主要分两种：在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。Inmanysportsphysicalfitnessisnotasimportantastechnique.♥Attention♥You'vemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。人们普遍相信(一般认为),教学既是一门科学,也是一门艺术。Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.2.比较级:a.规则变化Americanelephantsarelarger,fiercerandmoredifficulttotamethanAsianelephants.比起亚洲大象，非洲大象更大，更凶猛，也更难驯服。Thereisonespectaclegranderthanthesea,thatisthesky;thereisonespectaclegranderthanthesky,thatistheinteriorofthesoul.----VictorHugo★小试身手★1)三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。（head）2)事实胜于雄辩。（actions）如若第一个as/so后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词及有关修饰语都放在第一个as/so之后。3)迟到总比不到好。（late）b.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbad/badly/illmany/muchmorelittlefar★真题试炼★1)Thismotorcycleisnotas_______asthatone,andituseslessgas.A.expensiveB.lessexpensiveC.moreexpensiveD.themostexpensive2)Hecanplaytennisbetterthan_______.A.anyboysB.anyotherboyC.anyboyD.anyother3)Jackisthesecond________studentinourclass.Heis________thanme.A.tallest;muchtallerB.tall;muchtallerC.tall;muchmoretallerD.tallest;muchmoretaller4)Aftertwoyears'research,wenowhavea________betterunderstandingofthedisease.A.veryB.farC.fairlyD.quite5)Whojumped_______ofallintheworld?A.longerB.longestC.fartherD.farthest6)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudrive_______．A.abitmoreslowlyB.slowlyabitmoreC.moreslowabitD.slowlymorebit3.形容词和副词的比较程度★小试身手★判断下面的搭配是否正确。morehighermoremuchhighermuchmorehighermuchhigheralotmuchalotmoremuchmoremuchmanymuchinterestingabitmoreinterestingalotinterestingalittlemoreinterestingevenlessinterestingalittlemostinteresting在形容词比较级前可以使用：alittle,abit,even,alot,agreatdeal,much,far等副词来表示比较级的程度。换言之，看到这些词就要考虑使用比较级。4.比较级的否定★小试身手★判断这句话语法上是否正确。1)Iamnottallerthanyou(are).（）♥Attention♥★小试身手★1)Youaremoreintelligentthanme.==2)MadeinChinaproductsarelessexpensivethanmadeinUSAproducts.=3)FrenchismoredifficulttolearnthanEnglish.==♥Attention♥Thistesttakesnomorethanthirtyminutes.比较级不可以用not-er/morethan做否定。只能用notas…as或less（Iamnotastallasyouare.或Iamshorterthanyouare.）notmorethan只可用在数字前，表示“仅仅”、“只有”，类似于only，强调少；而no＋比较级＋than用于否定双方，意为“和……一样不”。这个考试只要三十分钟。Youarenomorecarefulthanyourbrother.你和你弟弟一样不仔细。★小试身手★1)Theoldcarraceisnolessexcitingthanthemoderncarrace.2)他不