最新基于PWM技术的无刷直流电机的调速系统设计

基于PWM技术的无刷直流电机的调速系统设计BrushlessDCMotorSpeedControlSystemBasedOnPWM摘要无刷直流电机(BLDCM)具有调速性能优异、运行性能可靠和维护方便等优点，相较于有刷直流电机，其采用电子换向取代机械换向，有效地提高了电动机的运行效率，也使得其成品体积更加的轻巧。但是无刷直流电机也存在转矩脉动、控制器复杂、成本较高等缺陷，这些缺陷的存在也一定程度上影响了无刷直流电机作为高效、先进电机在应用上的普及，因此研究如何改善以及解决无刷直流电机存在的问题便具有更加明显的现实意义。MATLAB是一款用于数据分析与计算、算法开发以及动态系统建立与仿真的数学软件。最初是由美国MathWorks公司出品的商用数学软件，其由Matlab和Simulink两个重要组成部分构成，现在更是应用于工程计算、控制设计、信号处理与通讯、图像处理、信号检测、金融建模设计与分析等领域。本文通过对无刷直流电机结构以及工作原理的研究与分析，找出导致其具有较大转矩脉动的原因，并先从理论上得到如何抑制转矩脉动的方法，再通过Matlab建立起无刷直流电机的仿真模型，对其仿真结果进行分析与改善，从而有效地抑制无刷直流电机的转矩脉动。关键词：无刷直流电机，转矩脉动，仿真模型AbstractBrushlessDCmotor(BLDCM)hasexcellentspeedperformance,reliableperformanceandeasymaintenance,etc.,comparedtoabrushDCmotor,whichuseselectronicallycommutatedreplacemechanicalcommutation,effectivelyimprovetheoperatingefficiencyofthemotor,butalsosothatthevolumeofthefinishedproductmorecompact.ButtherebrushlessDCmotortorqueripplecontrollercomplexity,highcostandotherdefects,thepresenceofthesedefectsalsoaffectedtosomeextent,abrushlessDCmotorasefficientandadvancedmotoruniversalinapplication,howtoimproveandthereforeresearchsolvetheproblemsofthebrushlessDCmotorwillhavemoreobviouspracticalsignificance.MATLABisatoolfordataanalysisandcomputation,algorithmdevelopment,andsimulationofdynamicsystemstoestablishandmathematicalsoftware.MathWorkswasoriginallydevelopedbytheUScompanyproducedcommercialmathematicalsoftware,whichconsistsofMatlabandSimulinkaretwoimportantparts,andnowitisusedinengineeringcalculations,controldesign,signalprocessingandcommunications,imageprocessing,signaldetection,financialmodelingdesignandanalysisandotherfields.BasedonthebrushlessDCmotorstructureandworkingprincipleofresearchandanalysistoidentifythecauseofwhichhasalargetorqueripple,andtheoreticallyfirstgethowtosuppresstorqueripples,establishedthroughMatlabbrushlessSimulationModelDCmotor,itssimulationresultsareanalyzedandimprovedinordertoeffectivelysuppressthetorquerippleofthebrushlessDCmotorKeywords:BrushlessDCmotor;Thetorquepulsation;Thesimulationmodel目录第一章绪论...........................................................................................61.1研究背景及研究意义.............................................................................................61.2无刷直流电机调速系统的国内外研究现状.........................................................71.3本文的主要研究内容及章节安排.........................................................................8第二章无刷直流电机的基本原理......................................................92.1无刷直流电机的基本结构.....................................................................................92.1.1电机本体......................................................................................................91.电动机定子.....................................................................................................92.电动机转子.................................................................................................102.1.2位置传感器................................................................................................102.2无刷直流电机的工作原理及换相过程...............................................................122.2.1无刷直流电机的工作原理......................................................................132.2.2无刷直流电机的换相过程......................................................................152.3无刷直流电机的应用...........................................................................................162.4本章小结...............................................................................................................16第三章基于PWM技术的无刷直流电机转矩脉动抑制................173.1PWM控制技术简介..............................................................................................173.1.1PWM控制技术的基本原理.......................................................................173.1.2PWM控制技术的控制方法.......................................................................183.2Buck变换器的原理及控制方式...........................................................................193.2.1Buck变换器的原理....................................................................................193.2.2Buck变换器的控制方式............................................................................203.3无刷直流电机转矩脉动的产生...........................................................................203.3.1传导区转矩脉动.........................................................................................213.3.2换相区转矩脉动.........................................................................................223.4无刷直流电机转矩脉动的抑制...........................................................................243.5本章小结...............................................................................................................27第四章无刷直流电机的仿真分析....................................................284.1MATLAB和SIMULINK的介绍.........................................................................284.2无刷直流电机的数学模型...................................................................................294.2.1电机本体模块.............................................................................................304.2.2转矩计算模块.............................................