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牛津英语8Bunit1-4知识点&语法汇总Unit1知识点一、重点短语1.inthepastfewyears在过去的几年中2.atpresent目前3.inthefuture未来;将来4.anhourago一小时前5.inthebowl在碗里6.sharesth.withsb.和….分享…7.bekindtosb.对…友好8.waitforthenextone等下一辆车9.know…verywell非常了解…10.sinceIwasborn自我出生以来11.movehouse搬家12.getmarriedtosb.=marrysb.=bemarriedtosb.和某人结婚13.marrysb.tosb.把某人嫁给某人14.sincethen从那以后15.movetwoblocksaway搬到两个街区以外16.changealot改变许多17.overtheyears在这些年期间(现在完成时)18.inthetowncenter=inthecenterofthetown在镇中心19.asteelfactory一家钢铁厂20.waterpollution水污染airpollution空气污染noisepollution噪音污染21.putthewasteintotheriver把废料扔进河putaway收好puton穿上putoff推迟/延期22.realizetheproblem意识到问题23.takeactiontoimprovethesituation采取行动改善情况24.muchcleaner干净得多25.haveabeautifulmoderntown拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇26.mostofmyoldfriends我的大多数老朋友27.moveaway搬走28.playcardsandChinesechess打牌,下中国象棋29.theamazingchanges令人惊奇的改变30.agroupofbuildingswithstreetsonallsides街道两边全是高楼31..allone’slife某人的一生32.repairovertenbicycles修十多辆自行车33.thechangesinBeijing北京的变化34.overthepastcentury上个世纪期间35.learnmoreabout更多了解关于……36.plantodosth.计划做某事37.hearabout/of听说hearfromsb.收到某人来信38.cleanandfreshair干净新鲜空气39.livingcondition居住环境40.railwaystation火车站41.traveltoandfromthetownbybus乘公交进出城镇42.anotherbigchange另一个大变化43.moveintonewflats搬进新的公寓moveoutof…搬出…44.returnfromtheUSA从美国回来returnsth.tosb.把某物归还给某人45.goabroad出国,去国外athomeorabroad在国内外46.atprimaryschool在小学47.keepintouchwitheachother互相保持联络48.communicatebyemail通过电子邮件交流49.makecommunicationmucheasier使沟通更容易communicatewithsb.和某人保持联系50.be/getusedto(doing)sth习惯于(干)某事getusedtothechangesoflife习惯了生活的变化51.takeplace发生(有目的有计划的)、举行happen发生(偶然发生)52.greenhillsallaround到处都是绿山53.ariverrunsthroughthecentreoftown一条小河穿过镇中心54.onone’sown=byoneself=alone独自55、throwrubbish扔垃圾56、insomelargeopenspaces在一些大的开阔的地方57、intheirfreetime在他们业余时间58、travelaroundthetown在镇里转转59、havetheirowncars=havecarsoftheirown有他们自己的汽车60.narrowanddirtyroads又窄又脏的公路61.wideandcleanstreets宽阔而干净的街道62.greentreesonbothsides两边绿树63.enjoyacomfortablelife享受舒服的生活64.fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes有时二、词汇梳理1.I'vejusteatenit.我刚才把它吃了。(eat-ate-eaten)justadv.意为“刚才”常与完成时连用。他们刚刚到达。e.g.Theyhavejustarrived.注意:justnow意为“刚才”,相当于“amomentago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。e.g.Iwenttothelibraryjustnow.2.usedtodosth.意为“过去常常做某事”,表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态,没有人称和数的变化,暗含现在已不再如此。1)他的父母过去住在乡下。e.g.Hisparentsusedtoliveinthecountryside.2)Tom过去常常早起,不是吗?e.g.Tomusedtogetupearly,didn'the?/usedn'the?beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事e.g.Myfatherisusedtoreadingnewspapersafterdinner.beusedtodo被用来做……e.g.Apenisusedtowritewith.笔是用来写的。3.turn…into…把…变成…Heatturnswaterintovapor.热使水变成蒸气。turnon打开turnoff关turnup调高turndown调低turnaround转身byturns轮流地inturn依次turnin上交It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事4.insomeways在某种程度上inthisway以这种方式ontheway(to)在……的路上bytheway顺便说下noway没门inanyway无论如何5.Ithasbecomeimpossibleforustoseeeachotherasoftenasbefore.E.g1.ItisnecessaryforustostudyEnglishhard.2.Itiskindofyoutohelpus.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,用ofsb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物,用forsb.,如difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)possible等。6.feelabitlonelyfromtimetotime有时感到有点孤单feelabitlonely感到有点孤单fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes有时abit和alittle“稍微”、“有点”,修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可以互换。alittle直接修饰不可数名词;而abit修饰名词时,其后须加上of,构成“abitof+n.”结构。例如:HeknowsabitofFrench.abit和alittle的否定式意义正好相反。notabit=notatall,意为“毫不”;而notalittle=verymuch,意为“非常”,“很”。例如:Heisnotabittired.他一点不累。Heisnotalittletired.他很累。afew/few用在复数可数名词之前,little/alittle用在不可数名词之前。e.g.Hetookafewbiscuits.(肯定)Hetookfewbiscuits(否定)Hetookalittlebutter.((肯定)Hetooklittlebutter.(否定)7.becauseofbeingalone因为独自一人.lonely,alone的区别:lonely作表语,表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞;lonely修饰地点时,意:“荒凉的,偏僻的”。alone指单独、独自的意思,作表语。如:Heisalone,butheneverfeelslonely.8.wayinaway在某种程度上e.g.Inaway,you'reright.从某一点上看你是对的。insomeways:在某种程度上;在某些方面e.g.InsomewaysIagreewithyou.在某种程度上我同意你的观点intheway挡道地ontheway….=onone’sway…在来、去或旅行的过程中Sheisonherwayoutthedoor.她往户外走。onthewayhome在回家路上(home是副词,所以省to)onthewaytoschool在上学路上e.g.Winterisontheway.冬天就要来到了thewayto…thekeyto…..thewaytothepostoffice去邮局的路bytheway顺便说一下9.thechangestoSunshineTown阳光镇的变化→thechangesto……的变化changen.变化,常用复数changes。e.g.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesince1995.10.Welivedtill1965,whenIgotmarried.→getmarried结婚→get/bemarriedtosb与某人结婚⑴marrysb与某人结婚,e.g.Shemarriedafootballplayer.⑵marrysbtosb把某人嫁给某人,e.g.Hemarriedhisdaughtertoanactor.⑶get/bemarriedtosb和某人结婚,e.g.YaoMinggotmarriedtoYeLion6August,2007.⑷表示“已经结婚”用have/hasgotmarried,表示“已经结婚多久”用have/hasbeenmarriedfor+时间段或since+时间点。e.g.①Theyhavegotmarried.②Theyhavebeenmarriedfor5years.不能说成Theyhavegotmarriedfor5years.11.ThechangestoMoonlightTownhavebroughtadvantages,buttheyhavealsocausedmanyproblemsforpeople.⑴bringadvantagesto…给…带来好处,advantage优点;有利条件→disadvantage缺点;不利条件⑵causeproblemsfor…给…带来麻烦三、Grammar现在完成时(1)构成:现在完成时由助动词have/has+过去分词构成,第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定式疑问式Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….HaveIstudied…?Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Youhavenot(haven’t)studied….Haveyoustudied…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….Hashestudied…?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.(2)用法:1)现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成,但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间,则一般用现在完成时;如果说明了动作发生的具
本文标题:牛津英语8B-unit1-unit4-知识点整理
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