2012年高考英语语法精讲(7)___主讲老师：章晓峰(高考命题研究组组长)__审定人：张小柔(中学

1.定义：2.先行词：3.关系代词、关系副词：在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：Who,whom,whose,which,that等When,where,why等关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.关系代词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物物人人人、物主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省关系副词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略WhenWherewhy时间状语否地点状语否原因状语否判断下列引导词在句中的用法Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.指代、所作成分、是否可省略6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.7.Itwas11o’clockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight.8.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup.关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.Summarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。5）先行词既有人又有物时。B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.Practice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom3.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.(1993上海)A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhichBDACorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.That’sallthatIwanttosay.3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.Summarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+whichPractice:1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC•关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子：•Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语)Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）•That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.•Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。Comparethefollowingsentences:Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscan’tachievemuch.There’remanyplays(that)I’dliketosee.ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowasjusthere.YesterdayMrBrownpaidavisittoHangzhou,whichisfamousforitsWestLake.Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.Summarize:1.限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。2.非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。3.非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。*关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择①Hehasthreesons,noneof_____isadoctor.②Hehasthreesons,butnoneof____isadoctor.③Hehasthreesons,_______aredoctors.④Hehasthreesons;____aredoctors.A.whomB.themC.theyD.whoADBCPractice:1.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience.(1998)A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,__________hasagreateffectonmylife.(1994上海)A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoBAB•Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.•1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.•2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.•3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?•4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.•5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.•6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?•7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.•8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.whomwhosethatarelikes去掉her去掉itwho主动表示被动：1.某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等1)Theflowersmellssweet.2)Thedishtastesdelicious.3)Theclothfeelsverysoft.4)Thestoneshavewornsmooth.2.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表