ASTM-D4595-Wide-Width-Tensile

Designation:D4595–86(Reapproved2001)StandardTestMethodforTensilePropertiesofGeotextilesbytheWide-WidthStripMethod1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4595;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftensilepropertiesofgeotextilesusingawide-widthstripspecimentensilemethod.Thistestmethodisapplicabletomostgeotex-tilesthatincludewovenfabrics,nonwovenfabrics,layeredfabrics,knitfabrics,andfeltsthatareusedforgeotextileapplication.1.2Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftensilestrengthandelongationofgeotextilesandincludesdirectionsforthecalculationofinitialmodulus,offsetmodulus,secantmodulus,andbreakingtoughness.1.3Proceduresformeasuringthetensilepropertiesofbothconditionedandwetgeotextilesbythewide-widthstripmethodareincluded.1.4Thebasicdistinctionbetweenthistestmethodandothermethodsformeasuringstriptensilepropertiesisthewidthofthespecimen.Thiswidth,bycontrast,isgreaterthanthelengthofthespecimen.Somefabricsusedingeotextileapplicationshaveatendencytocontract(neckdown)underaforceinthegagelengtharea.Thegreaterwidthofthespecimenspecifiedinthistestmethodminimizesthecontractioneffectofthosefabricsandprovidesacloserrelationshiptoexpectedgeotextilebehaviorinthefieldandastandardcomparison.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:D76SpecificationforTensileTestingMachinesforTex-tiles2D123TerminologyRelatingtoTextiles2D579SpecificationforGreigeWovenGlassFabrics2D1776PracticeforConditioningTextilesforTesting2D2905PracticeforStatementsonNumberofSpecimensforTextiles2D4439TerminologyforGeosynthetics33.Terminology3.1atmospherefortestinggeotextiles,n.—airmaintainedatarelativehumidityof6565%andatemperatureof2162°C(7064°F).3.2breakingtoughness,T,(FL−1),Jm−2,n.—forgeotextiles,theactualwork-to-breakperunitsurfaceareaofmaterial.3.2.1Discussion—Breakingtoughnessisproportionaltotheareaundertheforce−elongationcurvefromtheorigintothebreakingpoint(seealsowork-to-break).Breakingtough-nessiscalculatedfromwork-to-break,gagelength,andwidthofaspecimen.3.3correspondingforce,Fc,n.—theforceassociatedwithaspecificelongationontheforce-per-unit-widthstraincurve.(Syn.loadatspecifiedelongation,LASE.)3.4geotechnicalengineering,n.—theengineeringapplica-tionofgeotechnics.3.5geotechnics,n.—theapplicationofscientificmethodsandengineeringprinciplestotheacquisition,interpretation,anduseofknowledgeofmaterialsoftheearth’scrusttothesolutionofengineeringproblems.3.5.1Discussion—Geotechnicsembracesthefieldsofsoilmechanics,rockmechanics,andmanyoftheengineeringaspectsofgeology,geophysics,hydrology,andrelatedsci-ences.3.6geotextile,n.—anypermeabletextilematerialusedwithfoundation,soil,rock,earth,oranyothergeotechnicalengi-neeringrelatedmaterial,asanintegralpartofaman-madeproject,structure,orsystem.3.7initialtensilemodulus,Ji,(FL−1),Nm−1,n.—forgeo-textiles,theratioofthechangeintensileforceperunitwidthtoachangeinstrain(slope)oftheinitialportionofaforceperunitwidthstraincurve.3.8offsettensilemodulus,Jo,(FL−1),Nm−1,n.—forgeo-textiles,theratioofthechangeinforceperunitwidthtoachangeinstrain(slope)belowtheproportionallimitpointandabovethetangentpointontheforce−elongationcurve.3.9proportionallimit,n.—thegreateststresswhichama-terialiscapableofsustainingwithoutanydeviationfromproportionalityofstresstostrain(Hooke’slaw).3.10secanttensilemodulus,Jsec(FL−1),Nm−1,n.—for1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD35onGeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.01onMechani-calProperties.CurrenteditionapprovedSept.24,1986.PublishedNovember1986.2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol07.01.3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol04.09.1Copyright©ASTM,100BarrHarborDrive,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.geotextiles,theratioofchangeinforceperunitwidthtoachangeinstrain(slope)betweentwopointsonaforceperunitwidthstraincurve.3.11tangentpoint,n.—forgeotextiles,thefirstpointoftheforce−elongationcurveatwhichamajordecreaseinslopeoccurs.3.11.1Discussion—Thetangentpointisdeterminedbydrawingatangentlinepassingthroughthezeroaxisandtheproportionalelasticlimit.Thepointfromthezeroforceaxisthattheforce−elongationcurvefirsttouchesthattangentlineisthetangentpoint.3.12tensilemodulus,J,(FL−1),Nm−1,n.—forgeotextiles,theratioofthechangeintensileforceperunitwidthtoacorrespondingchangeinstrain(slope).3.13tensilestrength,n.—forgeotextiles,themaximumresistancetodeformationdevelopedforaspecificmaterialwhensubjectedtotensionbyanexternalforce.3.13.1Discussion—Tensilestrengthofgeotextilesisthecharacteristicofasampleasdistinctfromaspecimenandisexpressedinforceperunitwidth.3.14tensiletest,n.—intextiles,atestinwhichatextile