选修8Unit1语法名词性从句

——NounClausesTypesofSentencesSimplesentence(简单句)Compoundsentence（并列句用and,or,but,so）Complexsentence（复合句,主句+what,which,when等引导词连接的从句）1.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.2.CaliforniaisthelargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.3.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.（simplesentence）（complexsentence）（compoundsentence）主句从句ComplexSentencesAttributiveClause（定语从句）NounClause(名词性从句)AdverbialClause（状语从句）1.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.2.AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkthatbrought….3.ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.（Attributiveclause）（Nounclause）（Adverbialclause）Althoughwhenwhat名词性从句在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。名词性从句在主句中能担任主语、动词宾语、介词宾语、有些形容词后宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据上述不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾语从句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClause)NoonereallyknowsexactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.动词的宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句介词的宾语从句8观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.Thatthemoongoesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.3.Whathewantedtoknowistheresultofthetest.4.Whowillgoisnotimportant.5.Howyoucanfinishitmakesuspuzzled.6.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter9判断方法：先找谓语，看位置10观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.Thatthemoongoesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.3.Whathewantedtoknowistheresultofthetest.4.Whowillgoisnotimportant.5.Howyoucanfinishitmakesuspuzzled.6.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter主语+谓语动词+其他主语从句_____________(重要的是)istolearnfromfailure._____________________(你已经做到了)isbeyonddoubt.________________________(你是否自信)determinesyourfuturesuccesstosomedegree.WhatmattersThatyouhavemadeitWhetheryouareconfident1.主语从句的引导词不得省略。that-主语从句常用it作形式主语,而将that-从句置于句末,常见以下搭配：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……Itisnecessarythat______________________________(你有必要调整你的日常生活).you(should)adjustyourroutinelifeb.It+be+done(said,known,believed,thought,reported,announced,acknowledged,suggested,demanded)+that-从句据报道三人死于此次坠机事故。Itisreportedthatthreepeoplehavebeenkilledintheaircrash.=Threepeoplearereportedtohavebeenkilledintheaircrash.建议新生们考虑参加一两个社团。Itisrecommendedthatfreshmenconsiderjoiningaclubortwo.c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itisapity/shamethat很遗憾….Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurstomethat…我突然想起……我突然想起：我把钥匙落在家里了。ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftmykeysathome.2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，Whethershewillcometolifeornotisstillunknown.但如果有形式主语it时，既可用whether，也可用if。Itisstillunknownif/whethershewillcometolife.3.主语从句作主语时谓语动词常用单数16观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7．Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.8．That’sjustwhatIwant.9．Thisiswhereourproblemlies.10．Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.判断方法：看位置，先找谓语。17观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7．Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.8．That’sjustwhatIwant.9．Thisiswhereourproblemlies.10．Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.系动词:①be,stay,remain,keep（状态）②look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel（感知）③get,become,turn,grow,go,fall（变化）主语++表语系动词特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用if引导的,要用whether.3.主语为advice,suggestion,requirement等词时，表语从句用should+V.原形表虚拟语气4.常见的表语从句的句型Thereason(why…)isthat…That/Thisiswhy…This/That/Itisbecause…Itseems/looks/appearsasif…Itseems/appearsthat…似乎……19观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.12.Oursuccessdependsonwhetherweworkhard.13.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.14.Iwonderif/whethershewouldacceptmyinvitation.15.Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？20观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.12.Oursuccessdependsonwhetherweworkhard.13.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.14.Iwonderif/whethershewouldacceptmyinvitation.15.Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？+宾及物动词/介词1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但有多个that从句时,只有第一个从句前的that可省。2.主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess等动词构成否定句时，从句的否定词要前移至主句，即构成否定前置。Wedon’tthinkH7N9fluspreadsamonghumans,doesit.3.下列宾语从句必须用whether引导,不可用if:a.从句后有ornot时，不可用if:Idon’tknowwhetherallisinplaceornot.b.介词宾语通常用whether引导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.c.后接动词不定式时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4.insist,order,suggest等词后的宾语从句考虑虚拟语气1.Idon'tdoubt________he'llcome.•A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether2.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that3.Ifdependson____wewillbereadyintime.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.when24①主语从句在复合句中充当____语；②表语从句在复合句中充当____语，一般在______后；③宾语从句在复合句中充当____语，且一般在_______或____后。宾主表系动词及物动词介词④有时为了保持句子平衡,可用it作形式主(6)语或形式宾语(15),而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面.如，归纳一：位置，概念。6.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter15.Youmaydependonitthatallthegoodswillbeshippedabroadintime.2525观察四:划出从句，判断从句类型。1.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.2．Heaskedmeif/whetherthemoviestarwouldcome